AKAR KATA, STEM, DAN BASIS. By. Assoc. Prof. Kadaruddin, S.Pd., M.Pd., MOS
Ba'dulu (2005:10) mengatakan bahwa akar kata, stem, dan basis adalah istilah-istilah yang digunakan dalam literatur untuk menunjukkan
bagian kata yang tersisa ketika semua afiks telah dikeluarkan.
Akar kata adalah suatu bentuk yang tidakdapat dianalisis lebih lanjut, apakah dalam kaitannya dengan morfologi derivasional maupun morfologi inflesional.
Akar kata adalah bagian suatu bentuk kata yang tersisa apabila semua afiks infleksional dan derivasional dibuang.
Akar kata adalah bagian mendasar yang selalu hadir dalam suatu leksem.
http://sastrawanmha.blogspot.co.id/2014/02/teknik-menguasai-kosa-katabahasa.html menguraikan bahwa akar kata (root) akan sangat membantu memudahkan pemahaman kata bentukan serta rentensinya dalam ingatan. Sebuah kata biasanya terbentuk dari sebuah kata akar (root) ditambah satu atau lebih imbuhan. Jika imbuhan dan akar katanya sudah dikuasai, maka apapun kata yang terbentuk dapat difahami dengan mudah. Akar kata bahasa Inggris sebagian besar berasal dari bahasa latin
contoh
Facsimile: salinan yang sama persis dengan aslinya. Fact berasal dari bahasa latin 'facere' yang berarti 'to make' atau membuat. Simile berasal dari bahasa latin 'similis' yang berarti 'same atau like' artinya sama. Penggabungan kedua akar kata tersebut fact+simile menghasilkan kata facsimile dengan arti yang juga merupakan gabungan dari arti kedua kata tersebut, yaitu membuat salinan yang sama.
Anniversary: (perayaan) even tahunan.
Akar kata
tersebut terdiri dari tiga yaitu anni
yang berasal dari bahasa latin 'annus'
yang berarti 'tahun'. vers berasal
dari bahasa Latin 'verso' artinya
'giliran' dan terakhir adalah akhiran 'ary'
yang artinya 'itulah' atau yang ini (that
which). Jadi anniversary berarti tanggal
/ waktu terjadinya suatu peristiwa pada tahun-tahun sebelumnya.
Antecedent
Kata ini
terdiri dari tiga bagian, yaitu awalan ante,
kata ced, dan akhiran ent. ante
adalah prefik yang berarti 'sebelum', ced
berarti 'to go' atau pergi, dan
akhiran ent berarti 'orang yang' atau
'apa yang'. Jika digabungkan antecedent
berarti orang-orang yang ada sebelum kita atau dalam arti bebasnya adalah nenek
moyang, apa yang (benda) yang mendahului sesuatu. Arti lain dari antecedent adalah kata atau bagian
kalimat yang mendahului kata pengganti.
Dalam bentuk untouchables, misalnya,
akar katanya adalah touch, yang
kepadanya ditambahkan pertama-tama akhiran -able,
kemudian awalan -un dan terakhir
akhiran -s.
Berdasarkan uraian di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa akar kata adalah kata yang tidak dapat diurai lebih lanjut dan dapat diubah menjadi kata baru dengan menambahkan imbuhan atau akar kata yang lain.
Dalam ilmu linguistik, stem adalah bagian dari kata. Istilah
ini mempunyai perbedaan makna. Dalam penggunaannya, stem adalah sebuah bentuk yang kepadanya dapat ditambahkan afiks.
Stem menjadi perhatian hanya apabila menyangkut morfologi infleksional. Stem boleh kompleks, boleh pula tidak. Stem kompleks boleh mengandung afiks derivasional, boleh pula mengandung lebih dari satu akar. afiks infleksional ditambahkan kepadanya, bukan afiks derivasional. Stem adalah bagian bentuk kata yang tersisa apabila semua afiks infleksional dibuang. dalam bentuk untuchables, misalnya, yang menjadi stemnya adalah untouchable;
dalam bentuk kata touched, stemnya adalah touch, sekaligus merupakan akar katanya; dalam bentuk kata wheelchairs, yang menjadi stemnya adalah wheelchair, meskipun mengandung dua akar yaitu wheel dan chair.
Basis adalah suatu bentuk yang kepadanya afiks ditambahkan, afiks apa saja. Hal ini berarti bahwa suatu akat kata atau stem dapat disebut basis, namum himpunan basis tidak dilengkapi dengan penggabungan himpunan akar dan himpunan stem; Suatu bentuk yang dapat diuraikan secara derivasional yang kepadanya afiks derivasional dapat ditambahkan disebut basis. Jadi, touchable dapat merupakan basis bagi prefiksasi untuk menghasilkan untouchable, namun dalam proses ini touchable tidak dapat disebut akar kata, karena masih dapat diuraikan dalam kaitannya dengan morfologi derivasional, juga tidak dapat disebut stem, karena bukan penambahan afiks infleksional yang menjadi masalah di sini.
Kesimpulan
Wikipedia mendefinisikan bahwa kata adalah suatu unit dari suatu bahasa yang mengandung arti dan terdiri dari satu atau lebih morfem.
Akar kata adalah suatu bentuk yang tidak dapat dianalisis lebih lanjut, apakah dalam kaitannya dengan morfologi derivasional maupun morfologi inflesional.
Akar kata adalah bagian suatu bentuk kata yang tersisa apabila semua afiks infleksional dan derivasional dibuang.
Akar kata adalah bagian mendasar yang selalu hadir dalam suatu leksem.
Stem adalah bagian bentuk kata yang tersisa apabila semua afiks infleksional dibuang.
Basis adalah suatu bentuk yang kepadanya afiks ditambahkan, afiks apa saja, baik afiks infleksional maupun afiks derivasional.
Slide PDF dalam bahasa Inggris dapat di download pada link berikut: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B8B3TjsfQTUJdG9qcjhOdU1jdTg/view?usp=sharing
Baca juga postingan saya yang lain:
1. Root, stem, basis dalam kajian morfology pada https://kadaruddinemy.blogspot.co.id/2017/03/root-stem-and-bases.html
2. morpheme, morp, allomorph pada https://kadaruddinemy.blogspot.co.id/2017/03/morpheme-morph-alllomorph.html
3. Konsep dasar morfologi pada https://kadaruddinemy.blogspot.co.id/2017/02/konsep-dasar-morfologi-terdapat.html
4. Anjungan pantai Manakarra Sulbar pada http://kadaruddinemy.blogspot.com/2017/02/pantai-sulbar.html
5. Keterampilan mengajar padahttps://kadaruddinemy.blogspot.co.id/2017/01/keterampilan-mengajar.html
6. Tuhan disia waktuku Part 2 pada https://kadaruddinemy.blogspot.co.id/2016/12/tuhan-disisa-waktuku-part-2.html
7. Tuhan disisa waktuku Part 1 pada https://kadaruddinemy.blogspot.co.id/2016/12/tuhan-di-sisa-waktuku.html
8. Media dan multimedia pembelajaran pada https://kadaruddinemy.blogspot.co.id/2017/03/media-dan-multimedia-pembelajaran.html
8. Media dan multimedia pembelajaran pada https://kadaruddinemy.blogspot.co.id/2017/03/media-dan-multimedia-pembelajaran.html
dan lain-lain di https://kadaruddinemy.wordpress.com/
Based on the explanation in class, what can i get is ;
ReplyDeleteROOT is the original form of word without any affixes. (Example : kick)
STEM is the condition when a word has given a certain affixes but can called as STEM only if the inplectional affixes has eliminated (Example : kicking -> kick)
BASE is a form of word that can add affixes to, whether it's derivational and inflectional. Therefore it can change the meaning or the part of speech (Example : kicker)
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteThe explanation above that telling us about term that used in literatur to show the part of word that has left when all affixes is missed, which are root, stem, and bases.
ReplyDelete# ROOT = original form of word with no affixes inside.
for the example = look, see, believe, sit.
# STEM = form of word that has left if implectional is missed.
for the example = playing - play, watching - watch, and kissing - kiss.
# BASES = we can add implectional or we can add affixes that can change the meaning.
for the example = worker
for the explanation above that WORK is ROOT but WORKER is not ROOT and also not STEM that is none other BASES. But if we adding (s) = WORKERS into WORKER it is STEM.
This topic is very interesting but also very complicated and we consider the part of morphemes. Suffixes and affixes is the most important morphology.
ReplyDeleteRoot
In English grammar and morphology, a root is a word or word element (in other words, a morpheme) from which other words grow, usually through the addition of prefixes and suffixes. Also called a root word.
Examples: in each case in bold
• Unhelpfully
• reaction
• receive
• science
Stem
In English grammar and morphology, a stem is the form of a word before any inflectional affixes are added. In English, most stems also qualify as words.
Examples: in each case in bold
• Players
• Bags
• Divided
Base
The term base is commonly used by linguists to refer to any stem (or root) to which an affix is attached.
In morphology, a base is a bigger unit to which an affix attaches or to which a morphological process applies. "I shall try to use the term root to refer to a single morpheme which bears the 'core' meaning of a word. The term stem will be reserved for that part of a word to which inflectional affixes are added, and base for that part to which any other morpheme is added (inflectional, derivational, compound). Unfortunately, this terminology isn't standardized.
Examples: in each case in bold
Dislike
Rewrite
Player
Name : Suci Maisyanti
ReplyDeleteNim : 15020205
Class: B
A root is the part of a word that cannot be changed, and when added to creates different forms of the word: "Walk" is a root, and can be changed in many ways: walking, walked, walker, walkie-talkie, sidewalk, walk-light, walks etc. You will never have a word related to walking where the "walk" part gets changed, so it is a root.
A stem is the form of a word that inflections get added onto. Most of the time this will be the root. "Walk" is the form that all the inflections (grammar-affecting changes) gets added to, when you add ~ing to it, it turns into a progressive verb or a gerund. ~ed turns it perfect. ~s makes it a plural noun, or makes it agree with a singular subject.
A base is any part of a word that you can add inflections to, or that you can add prefixes/suffixes that change the meaning/part of speech. So "walk" is also a base, because it can have inflections (walking) and can be turned into different words (walker is a noun). Walker is also a base, because you can modify it inflectionally (walkers is plural), and because it can have things added to derive new words (dog-walker).
Name:St.Ardianti
ReplyDeleteNim :15020205
Class:B
The root word is part of a form of the word remains when all inflectional and derivational affixes removed. The root word is the fundamental part that is always present in a leksem.
Stem is part of the remaining forms of words when all inflectional affixes removed.
Base is a form to which affixes are added, affix anything, either affix inflectional and derivational affixes. All bases can be said to be the root. However, root can not be. Because bases can be described but not roor.
Name: Srikandi Cut Wanipa Ibrahim
ReplyDeleteClass : B
Nim : 15020201
A root is a form which is not further analysable, either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology. It is that part of word-form that remains when all inflectional and derivational affixes have been removed. A root is the basic part always present in a lexeme.
A stem is of concern only when dealing with inflectional morphology.
In the form ‘untouchables’ the stem is ‘untouchable’, although in the form ‘touched’ the stem is ‘touch’; in the form ‘wheelchairs’ the stem is ‘wheelchair’, even though the stem contains two roots.
A base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added. This means that any root or any stem can be termed a base, but the set of bases is not exhausted by the union of the set of roots and the set of stems: a derivationally analysable form to which derivational affixes are added can only be referred to as a base. That is, ‘touchable’ can act as a base for prefixation to give ‘untouchable’, but in this process ‘touchable’ could not be referred to as a root because it is analysable in terms of derivational morphology, nor as a stem since it is not the adding of inflectional affixes which is in question.
Name : Reni
ReplyDeleteClass : B
Nim : 15020183
A roots
- some elements of the word are more central than other
- root the central morpheme, or the key element to which
others are added
- root have a lexical (dictionary) meaning, but some
have a full meaning only when joined to other
elements.
The stem
- stem. what you add grammatical affixes to
- a special kind of base
- all stems are bases, but not all base can be stems in
English because some lexical categories
(e.g prepositions) don’t take grammatical affixes.
The base
Base whatever you can add affixes to
- all roots are bases (but not vice verse)
- can be a plain root ( e.g switch)
- or more than one plain root (e.g window-seat)
- or a root + one or more affixes (e.g. e, husband)
Name : Rima melati
ReplyDeleteClass. : B
Nim. :15020185
-a root is word cannot be chaned
-a stem is the form that all the inflections
-a base is any part of a word that you can add inflections to
Name : burdam
ReplyDeleteClas : A
ID : 15020111
Based on your explanation in my class I can get that :
-Root is the form that can not analyzed more.
-Stem is the form of a word that inflections get added onto.
-Base is any part of a word that you can add inflections to, or that you can add prefixes/suffixes that change the meaning/part of speech.
For example :
Punishments
Based on word above consist of 3 morphemes:
-punish = free morpheme
-ment = bound morpheme
-s = bound morpheme
While :
Root = punish
Stem = punishment
Base = punishment
Name : igo
ReplyDeleteClass : A
ID : 15020134
-Root is the form that can not analyzed more.
For example :
Eat,swim and read
-Stem is the form of a word that inflections get added onto.
For example :
Books = stem is book
Running = stem run
Collected = stem is collect
-Base is any part of a word that you can add inflections to, or that you can add prefixes/suffixes that change the meaning/part of speech.
For example :
Cats = base is cat
table
Name:Sasmita Wulandari
ReplyDeleteClass:B
Nim:15020194
A stem is the form of a word before any inflectional affixes are added. In English, most stems also qualify as words.
A base is the form of a word to which prefixes and suffixes can be added to create new words. For example, instruct is the base for forming instruction, instructor, and reinstruct.
A root is a morpheme that expresses the basic meaning of a word and cannot be further divided into smaller morphemes.
Name : Ummu Umayyah
ReplyDeleteClass : B
NIM : 15020209
1. ROOT
What is the root ?? Hearing the root word certainly imagined in our minds that the roots .. But we are here to discuss not discuss the said plant. To understand it directly to the examples
likes, dislike, disliked = like
explanation: like is the root of likes, dislike and disliked
That means the root of a word is original form without any additive.
2. STEM
Steam is a word which was given particular additive but does not change the kind words. For example, the root is a noun then steamnya should be a noun, if the root adjective then steam also adjective .Here
example
friend = friends (right)
explanation: friend is the root form of the noun it stemnya also a noun that friends
friend = user (one)
explanation: friend is friendly whereas the noun is an adjective so dissimilar
3. BASE
All the root and the stem is the base but not all of the base may be the root and stem. example
unfriendly = friend / user / unfriend
explanation: its base bis friend, friendly or unfriend
>>> Example of determining the root and stem of a base, for example
Determine the root and the steam from the word untouchable !!!
discussion:
root = Touchable
stem = untouchable
reason: as both an adjective, remember it root and steam are the words of the same type.
Name : Nur Oktapiana
ReplyDeleteClass : B
NIM : 15020168
ROOT
A root is like a stem in constituting the core of the word to which other pieces attach, but the term refers only to morphologically simple units. For example, disagree is the stem of disagreement, because it is the base to which -ment attaches, but agree is the root. Taking disagree now, agree is both the stem to which dis- attaches and the root of the entire word.
STEM
A stem is a base unit to which another morphological piece is attached. The stem can be simple, made up of only one part, or complex, itself made up of more than one piece. Here it is best to consider consider a simple stem. Although it consists historically of more than one part, most present-day speakers would treat it as an unanalyzable form. We could also call consider the root.
BASE
A base is any unit whatsoever to which affixes of any kind can be added. The affixes attached to a base may be inflectional affixes selected for syntactic reasons or derivational affixes which alter the meaning or grammatical category of the base. An unadorned root like boy can be a base since it can have attached to it inflectional affixes like -s to form the plural boys or derivational affixes like -ish to tum the noun boy into the adjective boyish. In other words, all roots are bases. Bases are called stems only in the context of inflectional morphology. Example: faith, faithful, booksho.
Name : Nur Oktapiana
ReplyDeleteClass : B
NIM : 15020168
ROOT
A root is like a stem in constituting the core of the word to which other pieces attach, but the term refers only to morphologically simple units. For example, disagree is the stem of disagreement, because it is the base to which -ment attaches, but agree is the root. Taking disagree now, agree is both the stem to which dis- attaches and the root of the entire word.
STEM
A stem is a base unit to which another morphological piece is attached. The stem can be simple, made up of only one part, or complex, itself made up of more than one piece. Here it is best to consider consider a simple stem. Although it consists historically of more than one part, most present-day speakers would treat it as an unanalyzable form. We could also call consider the root.
BASE
A base is any unit whatsoever to which affixes of any kind can be added. The affixes attached to a base may be inflectional affixes selected for syntactic reasons or derivational affixes which alter the meaning or grammatical category of the base. An unadorned root like boy can be a base since it can have attached to it inflectional affixes like -s to form the plural boys or derivational affixes like -ish to tum the noun boy into the adjective boyish. In other words, all roots are bases. Bases are called stems only in the context of inflectional morphology. Example: faith, faithful, booksho.
Name=shinta rahma
ReplyDeleteClass= c
-A root
Root is the part of a word that cannot be changed, and when added to creates different forms of the word:
Example.."Walk" is a root, and can be changed in many ways: walking, walked, walker, walkie-talkie, sidewalk, walk-light, walks etc.
Most of the time the root forms a word on its own, but sometimes they do not.
complete, replete, expletive: these all have the root "plete", which happens to not be a word on its own.
-A stem
Stem is the form of a word that inflections get added onto. Most of the time this will be the root. "Walk" is the form that all the inflections (grammar-affecting changes) gets added to, when you add ~ing to it, it turns into a progressive verb or a gerund. ~ed turns it perfect. ~s makes it a plural noun, or makes it agree with a singular subject.
-A base
Base is any part of a word that you can add inflections to, or that you can add prefixes/suffixes that change the meaning/part of speech. So "walk" is also a base, because it can have inflections (walking) and can be turned into different words (walker is a noun). Walker is also a base, because you can modify it inflectionally (walkers is plural), and because it can have things added to derive new words (dog-walker).
So all roots are bases because they are the smallest chunk that stays the same despite additions.
Not all bases are roots though, because sometimes the root+inflection or root+derivation goes on to take additional changes. (Walker is a base, but the root is still walk).
Stems are just bases when you are talking about inflectional changes (-ed, -ing, -s, etc.).
Name=shinta rahma
ReplyDeleteClass= c
-A root
Root is the part of a word that cannot be changed, and when added to creates different forms of the word:
Example.."Walk" is a root, and can be changed in many ways: walking, walked, walker, walkie-talkie, sidewalk, walk-light, walks etc.
Most of the time the root forms a word on its own, but sometimes they do not.
complete, replete, expletive: these all have the root "plete", which happens to not be a word on its own.
-A stem
Stem is the form of a word that inflections get added onto. Most of the time this will be the root. "Walk" is the form that all the inflections (grammar-affecting changes) gets added to, when you add ~ing to it, it turns into a progressive verb or a gerund. ~ed turns it perfect. ~s makes it a plural noun, or makes it agree with a singular subject.
-A base
Base is any part of a word that you can add inflections to, or that you can add prefixes/suffixes that change the meaning/part of speech. So "walk" is also a base, because it can have inflections (walking) and can be turned into different words (walker is a noun). Walker is also a base, because you can modify it inflectionally (walkers is plural), and because it can have things added to derive new words (dog-walker).
So all roots are bases because they are the smallest chunk that stays the same despite additions.
Not all bases are roots though, because sometimes the root+inflection or root+derivation goes on to take additional changes. (Walker is a base, but the root is still walk).
Stems are just bases when you are talking about inflectional changes (-ed, -ing, -s, etc.).
* root of the word is part of the basic meaning of the word into another word formed from the word
ReplyDelete* stem is associated with inflection, stem consist of a simple or complex word, stem consist of two roots
* base(basic words) associated with the inflection and delevasi
Name : Karmila.
ReplyDeleteNim : 15020143
Root is the original form of a word without any additive. Example: likes,dislike,disliked like explanation: like is the the root of likes,dislike and disliked (2) STEM is a word which was given particular additive but does not change the kind words. For example,the root is a noun then steam should be a noun, if the root adjective then steam is also an adjective. Example friend - friends (right) explanation : friend is the root form of the noun it steam also a noun that friends friend - user ( one) explanation: friend is frindly where as the noun is an adjective so dissimilar ( 3 ) BASE all the root and the steam is the base but not all of the base may be the root and stem .example unfriendly = friend / user/ / unfriend explanation : its base bis friend, friendly or unfriend
Name: Nanang Irfan
ReplyDeleteNim : 15020162
1. ROOT
What is the root ?? Hearing the root word certainly imagined in our minds that the roots , But we are here to discuss not discuss the said plant. To understand it directly to the examples
likes, dislike, disliked = like
explanation: like is the root of likes, dislike and disliked
That means the root of a word merupakaan original form without any additive.
2. STEM
Steam is a word which was given particular additive but does not change the kind words. For example, the root is a noun then steamnya should be a noun, if the root adjective then steam also adjective .Here
example
friend = friends (right)
explanation: friend is the root form of the noun it stemnya also a noun that friends
friend = user (one)
explanation: friend is friendly whereas the noun is an adjective so dissimilar
3. BASE
All the root and the stem is the base but not all of the base may be the root and stem. example
unfriendly = friend / user / unfriend
explanation: its base bis friend, friendly or unfriend
Name : Nurul Kisti
ReplyDeleteClass : B
ROOT
A root is the irreducible core of a word, with absolutely nothing else attached to it. It is the part that is always present, possibly with some modification, in the various manifestations of a lexeme. For example, walk is a root and it appears in the set of word-forms that instantiate the lexeme WALK such as walk, walks, walking and walked. The only situation where this is not true is when suppletion takes place. In that case, word-forms that represent the same morpheme do not share a common root morpheme. Thus, although both the word-forms good and better realise the lexeme GOOD, only good is phonetically similar to GOOD.
STEM
A stem is a base unit to which another morphological piece is attached. The stem can be simple, made up of only one part, or complex, itself made up of more than one piece. Here it is best to consider consider a simple stem. Although it consists historically of more than one part, most present-day speakers would treat it as an unanalyzable form. We could also call consider the root.
BASE
A base is any unit whatsoever to which affixes of any kind can be added. The affixes attached to a base may be inflectional affixes selected for syntactic reasons or derivational affixes which alter the meaning or grammatical category of the base. An unadorned root like boy can be a base since it can have attached to it inflectional affixes like -s to form the plural boys or derivational affixes like -ish to tum the noun boy into the adjective boyish. In other words, all roots are bases. Bases are called stems only in the context of inflectional morphology. Example: faith, faithful, booksho.
Dian Hidayasari
ReplyDelete15020115
A root is a form which is not further analysable, either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology. It is that part of word-form that remains when all inflectional and derivational affixes have been removed. A root is the basic part always present in a lexeme.
A stem is of concern only when dealing with inflectional morphology.
A base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added. This means that any root or any stem can be termed a base, but the set of bases is not exhausted by the union of the set of roots and the set of stems: a derivationally analysable form to which derivational affixes are added can only be referred to as a base.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteName : Nursiti Fatimah
ReplyDeleteNo.Reg : 15020175
Class : A
I will reexplain about root,stem and base.
a. Root is the part of a word that cannot be changed, and when added to creates different forms of the word. For example : "Walk" =>> a root,can be changed in many ways:walking, walked, walker,You will never have a word related to walking where the "walk" part gets changed,so it is a root. Untouchables : un => prefix, touch => root, able => sufix, s => sufix
b. Stems is the form of a word that inflections get added onto. Or stems are just bases when you are talking about inflectional changes (-ed,-ing,-s, etc.). for example : Most of the time this will be the root.
"Walk" is the form that all the inflections (grammar-affecting changes) gets added to,walk ~ing -> a progressive verb walk ~ed -> past walk ~s -> 3rd singular person.
untouchables >>untouchable => stem touched >>touch => stem/root wheelchairs >>wheelchair => stem (two roots).
c. Base any part of a word that you can add inflections to, or that you can add prefixes/suffixes that change the meaning/part of speech. For example : touchable => base of untouchabletouchable is not root can be analyzed by derivational affix (touch + able)touchable is not stem not add by inflectional affix“walk “ >>> different words (walker is a noun).Walkeris also a base, >>> inflectionally (walkers is plural),and because it can have things added to derive new words (dog-walker)."walk" is also a stem because it can have inflections (walking).
Name : MahdahiRany Nur
ReplyDeleteNim : 15020147
Class: A
The different of Root, stem and base
1.Root is a word that does not have a prefix in front of the word or a suffix at the end of the word. The root word is the primary lexical unit of a word , and of a word family (root is then called base word).
=> Example :
chatters has the inflectional root or lemma chatter , but the lexical root chat .
2.Stem is that part of a word that is in existence before any inflectional affixes have been added. Inflection is discussed in section.
=> For example:
Noun stem Plural
Cat -s
Worker -s
3.Base is any unit whatsoever to which affixes of any kind can be added. The affixes attached to a base may be inflectional affixes selected for syntactic reasons or derivational affixes which alter the meaning or grammatical category of the base. An unadorned root like boy can be a base since it can have attached to it inflectional affixes like -s to form the plural boys or derivational affixes like -ish to tum the noun boy into the adjective boyish. In other words, all roots are bases. Bases are called stems only in the context of inflectional morphology.
=> Example :
faith, faithful, booksho.
- Root is the part of a word that cannot be changed, and when added to creates different forms of the word.
ReplyDelete- Stem is the form of a word that inflections get added onto.
- Base any part of a word that you can add inflections to, or that you can add prefixes/suffixes that change the meaning/part of speech.
Name : Khaerunnisa
ReplyDeleteNim : 15020144
Class : A
-Root is the element on which the formation of the word.
-Stem is a morpheme, word, or phrase that joining affixes (without inflectional affixes).
-Base is a morpheme that can be expanded with spiked affixes.
NAME : A.NURHASANA SAJINA
ReplyDeleteNM : 1020097
CLASS : A
1. ROOT
Hearing the root word certainly imagined in our minds that the roots .. But we are here to discuss not discuss the said plant. To understand it directly to the examples
likes, dislike, disliked = like
explanation: like is the root of likes, dislike and disliked
That means the root of a word merupakaan original form without any additive.
2. STEM
Steam is a word which was given particular additive but does not change the kind words. For example, the root is a noun then steamnya should be a noun, if the root adjective then steam also adjective .Here
example
friend = friends (right)
explanation: friend is the root form of the noun it stemnya also a noun that friends
friend = user (one)
explanation: friend is friendly whereas the noun is an adjective so dissimilar
3. BASE
All the root and the stem is the base but not all of the base may be the root and stem. example
unfriendly = friend / user / unfriend
explanation: its base bis friend, friendly or unfriend
>>> Example of determining the root and stem of a base, for example
Determine the root and the steam from the word untouchable !!!
discussion:
root = Touchable
stem = untouchable
reason: as both an adjective, remember it root and steam are the words of the same type.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteNAME: NURAMALIA
ReplyDeleteNIM: 15021541
1. ROOT
an element that becomes the basis of the formation of the original form of a word or words without any additive
likes, dislike, disliked = like
explanation: like is the root of likes, dislike and disliked.
2. STEM
Stem is a word which was given particular additive but does not change the kind words. For example, the root is a noun it is also a noun stem both should be a noun, if the root of the stem adjective also adjective .Here his example.
friend = friends (right)
explanation: friend is the root form of the noun it is also a noun stem are friends
friend = user (one)
explanation: friend is friendly whereas the noun is an adjective so dissimilar
3. BASE
All the root and the stem is the base but not all of the base may be the root and stem. example
unfriendly = friend / user / unfriend
explanation: its base can be friend, friendly or unfriend
another example.
said books are basically form book, and says singers its basic form is a singer, while the word itself singer basic form is sing.
Root is the part of word that cannot be change and when added to creates different forms of the word. Root is the form that cannot analyze more. Are there in derivational and inflectional term. Root all the simple word and can be morpheme and word.
ReplyDeleteExample: Reconstructions
Re=>prefix Construct=>Root Ion=>suffix S=>Suffix
Stem the form of a word that inflections get added onto. Stem only about inflectional, simple or complex and consist of two roots.
Example: Reconstructions >>
Reconstruction=> Stem
Base is any part of a word that you can add inflection to or that you can add prefixes/suffixes that change the meaning/part of speech.
Example : Construction => Base of Reconstruction
Construction => Is not root (can be analyzed by the derivational affix) construct + Ion
Construction => Not add by inflectional affix
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteNAME: DWINANDA INDRIANI HUSLIN
ReplyDeleteNIM: 15020117
CLASS: A
1. The root is the term to refer to form of said that can not be subdivided, can not be analyzed again, no addition of affixes again. These roots there is always, although in the form of a wide range of modification of a leksem. Example; walk, is the root, can appear in the form of forms of said, such as: walks, walking, walked. tenses represent the morpheme the same is not necessarily have the root of morphemes the same.
2. Stem is part of said before the given additional affixes inflectional. See example; Base plural noun Cat- s Worker- s form of said cats, suffixes infleksinonal added to the base( stem) paint, which is also the root( root). In the form of said workers, suffixes inflectional ( marker plural) was added to the worker. Worker is the stem( the base), while the work is the root.
3. Base is a form of the basis in the process of morphology, where affixes can be added; good affixes inflectional and derivational. In other words that all the root( root) is also base( basic form). Identification of the root, base, stem, and affix the following.
Name : Muafidah.
ReplyDeleteClass : A
1.Root is the original form of a word without any additive.
Examples like, likes, dislike, dialiked = like
Explanation: like is the root of likes and disliked Dislike.
2. STEM
Steam is a word which was given particular additive but does not change the kind words. For example, the root is a noun then steamnya should be a noun, if the root adjective then steam also adjective .Here
example:
friend = friends (right)
explanation: friend is the root form of the noun it stemnya also a noun that friendsfriend = user (one)
explanation: friend is friendly whereas the noun is an adjective so dissimilar
3. BASE
All the root and the stem is the base but not all of the base may be the root and stem. example:
unfriendly = friend / user / unfriend
explanation: its base bis friend, friendly or unfriend.
Name : Muafidah.
ReplyDeleteClass : A
1.Root is the original form of a word without any additive.
Examples like, likes, dislike, dialiked = like
Explanation: like is the root of likes and disliked Dislike.
2. STEM
Steam is a word which was given particular additive but does not change the kind words. For example, the root is a noun then steamnya should be a noun, if the root adjective then steam also adjective .Here
example:
friend = friends (right)
explanation: friend is the root form of the noun it stemnya also a noun that friendsfriend = user (one)
explanation: friend is friendly whereas the noun is an adjective so dissimilar
3. BASE
All the root and the stem is the base but not all of the base may be the root and stem. example:
unfriendly = friend / user / unfriend
explanation: its base bis friend, friendly or unfriend.
1. A root is a form which is not further analysable, either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology. It is that part of word-form that remains when all inflectional and derivational affixes have been removed. A root is the basic part always present in a lexeme. In the form ‘untouchables’ the root is ‘touch’, to which first the suffix ‘-able’, then the prefix ‘un-‘ and finally the suffix ‘-s’ have been added. In a compound word like ‘wheelchair’ there are two roots, ‘wheel’ and ‘chair’
ReplyDelete2. A stem is of concern only when dealing with inflectional morphology.
In the form ‘untouchables’ the stem is ‘untouchable’, although in the form ‘touched’ the stem is ‘touch’; in the form ‘wheelchairs’ the stem is ‘wheelchair’, even though the stem contains two roots.
3. A base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added. This means that any root or any stem can be termed a base, but the set of bases is not exhausted by the union of the set of roots and the set of stems: a derivationally analysable form to which derivational affixes are added can only be referred to as a base. That is, ‘touchable’ can act as a base for prefixation to give ‘untouchable’, but in this process ‘touchable’ could not be referred to as a root because it is analysable in terms of derivational morphology, nor as a stem since it is not the adding of inflectional affixes which is in question.
NAMA :RAHARTI
ReplyDeleteNIM :15020180
CLASS: B
I think root is the irreducible core of a word,with absolutely nothing else attached to it.roots can be free morpheme or a word element which the other new words grow,usually through addition prefixes and suffixes.
Example :unhappy,root:happy.
Stem is the form of a word that inflections get added.most of the time this will be the root."walk"is the form that all the inflections(grammar-affecting changes)get added to,when you add-ing to it.it turns into progressive verb or a gerund.
Inflections suffixes:
1.-s(plural)
2.-s(possessive)
3.-s(third singular person)
4.-ed(past tense)
5.-en(past participle)
6.-ing(present participle)
7.-er(comparative)
8.-es(superlative)
Base is any part of a word that you can add inflections to,or that you can add prefixes/suffixes that change the meaning/part of speech.so 'walk'is also a base,because it can have inflections(walking)and can be turned into different words(walkes is noun).walker is also a base,because you can modify itinflectionally(walkers is plural),and because it can have things added to derive new words(dog-walker).
Example:like(root)+-dis=dislike(base)+-(inflectional suffixes)= dislike(steam)it means that steam'dislike'come from base'dislike'.
Nurdania
ReplyDelete15020170
Root, stem, base
Taken from: Bauer, Laurie (1983:20-21): English word-formation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
‘Root’, ‘stem’ and ‘base’ are all terms used in the literature to designate that part of a word that remains when all affixes have been removed.
A root is a form which is not further analysable, either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology. It is that part of word-form that remains when all inflectional and derivational affixes have been removed. A root is the basic part always present in a lexeme. In the form ‘untouchables’ the root is ‘touch’, to which first the suffix ‘-able’, then the prefix ‘un-‘ and finally the suffix ‘-s’ have been added. In a compound word like ‘wheelchair’ there are two roots, ‘wheel’ and ‘chair’.
A stem is of concern only when dealing with inflectional morphology.
In the form ‘untouchables’ the stem is ‘untouchable’, although in the form ‘touched’ the stem is ‘touch’; in the form ‘wheelchairs’ the stem is ‘wheelchair’, even though the stem contains two roots.
A base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added. This means that any root or any stem can be termed a base, but the set of bases is not exhausted by the union of the set of roots and the set of stems: a derivationally analysable form to which derivational affixes are added can only be referred to as a base. That is, ‘touchable’ can act as a base for prefixation to give ‘untouchable’, but in this process ‘touchable’ could not be referred to as a root because it is analysable in terms of derivational morphology, nor as a stem since it is not the adding of inflectional affixes which is in question.
ROPOT ERIANTO
ReplyDelete15020190
ROOT
Root is the smallest meaning part of a word
Example: dis[like] and dis[like]d, like is the root of dislike and disliked
STEAM
Steam is a word which was given particular additive but does not change the kind words. For example, the root is a noun then steamnya should be a noun, if the root adjective then steam also adjective .Here
example
friend = friends (right)
explanation: friend is the root form of the noun it stemnya also a noun that friends
friend = user (one)
explanation: friend is friendly whereas the noun is an adjective so dissimilar
BASE
All the root and the stem is the base but not all of the base may be the root and stem. example
unfriendly = friend / user / unfriend
explanation: its base bis friend, friendly or unfriend
According to Bauer, L. (1983) . English word-formation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
ReplyDeleteA root is a form which is not further analysable, either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology. It is that part of word-form that remains when all inflectional and derivational affixes have been removed. A root is the basic part always present in a lexeme. In the form ‘untouchables’ the root is ‘touch’, to which first the suffix ‘-able’, then the prefix ‘un-‘ and finally the suffix ‘-s’ have been added.
A stem is of concern only when dealing with inflectional morphology.
In the form ‘untouchables’ the stem is ‘untouchable’, although in the form ‘touched’ the stem is ‘touch
A base is any part of a word that you can add inflections to, or that you can add prefixes/suffixes that change the meaning/part of speech. So "walk" is also a base, because it can have inflections (walking) and can be turned into different words (walker is a noun). Walker is also a base, because you can modify it inflectionally (walkers is plural), and because it can have things added to derive new words (dog-walker).
So all roots are bases because they are the smallest chunk that stays the same despite additions.
Not all bases are roots though, because sometimes the root+inflection or root+derivation goes on to take additional changes. (Walker is a base, but the root is stillwalk).
Stems are just bases when you are talking about inflectional changes (-ed, -ing, -s, etc.).
Taken from: galghamdi & John Kerpan
Name : Nur Rezki Amalia
ReplyDeleteNIM : 15020169
Class : B
Based on the explanation in the class I can get knowledge, that :
Root is a form that can not be analyzed further, whether in terms of derivational or inflectional and also can be root if the derivational and inflectional has been eliminated.
Example : predictable =>predict + able => predict (root)
from the example we can see : predictable word without able namely root.
Stem is about changing inflectional (eg : -s , -es. –ed, etc) and can be stem if the inflectional has been eliminated, usually consist of two roots in a simple or complex word.
Example : living rooms => living room =>(stem) living + room (two roots)
from the example we can see living rooms when inflectional –s has been eliminated the word be stem and also consist of two roots is living word and room word. In addition, we can know that sometimes stem can also be root.
Base is any part of a word that you can add inflections to or that you can add prefixes/suffixes that change the meaning/part of speech.
Example: ’walk’ is also base, because it can have inflections (walking) and can be turned into different words(walker is a noun).Walker is also a base, bacause you can modify inflectionally, all roots are bases and not all bases are roots (eg: walker is base and the root is walk)
Name : Yulinar Nurul M.W.
ReplyDeleteStambuk : 15020217
➖ Root is part of the words related to the form of derivational and inflectional. Root can be changed and analyze more.
➖ Stem is part of the words related to form of inflection. Stem can be complex word and consists of two roots.
➖ Bases are part of the words related to the form of inflections and can add prefixes or suffixes. Not all bases can be a root, but root can be bases and stem.
Name : Nur Violeta Thamrin
ReplyDeleteNO.reg : 15020178
Class : B
Hello,
I will give you all a simple explanation of root,stem and base .
●Roots are words that create base for any word that has a meaning with no suffix or prefix. Basically these words create origin for the word that help in defining. Root words have their own meaning, idea or concept. Root words are already small in size having meaning and these cannot be further reduced.
Example;
Geology - Geo is the root word
Capture - Cap is the root word
●Stems are words that is used for joining words.
Example;Photosynthesis - syn is the stem word
●BASE Words are a words that can stand alone.
Example; from worker word - base of worker is work .
NAME:SALMA SAPUTRI.A
ReplyDeleteNIM:15020193
1. Root is the irreducible core of a word, with absolutely nothing else attached to it. Roots can be free morpheme or a word element which the other new words grow, usually through addition prefixes and suffixes.
Example : unhappy, root : happy.
2. Steam is a word element to which grammatical or inflectional suffixes can be added. Every word that end with inflectional suffixes, we called it ‘steam’.
Example :
Bag (root) – bag(s) = bags (steam)
Play (root) – play(er)(base)+(s) = players (steam)
3.Base I any unit to which affixes of any kind derivational/lexical affixes can be added. All roots are bases. Bases are called steams only in the context of inflectional morphology.
Example :
Like (root) + -dis = dislike(base)+ -ed (inflectional suffixes) = disliked( steam)
It means that stem ‘disliked’ come from base ‘dislike’
Name : Musdalifah septiberliana
ReplyDeleteclass : B
nim : 15020159
Based on the explanation in class, what can i get is ;
Its simple explanation to understanding the material
Root stem and base
#Root
Root is the part of a word that cannot be changed, and when added to creates different forms of the word, and the part of word that still exist after all derivational and inflectional afixes is deleted
For Example = Walk" =>> a root,
can be changed in many ways:
walking, walked, walker,
walkie-talkie, sidewalk,
walk-light, walks etc.
You will never have a word related to walking where
the "walk" part gets changed,
so it is a root.
#Stem
stem > only about inflectional
stem > simple or complex
stem > consist of two roots
Example =
untouchables >>
untouchable => stem
#Base
any part of a word that you can add inflections to, or that you can add prefixes/suffixes that change the meaning/part of speech
Example = touchable => base of untouchable
So allroots are bases but not all bases are roots
name : Sunartika
ReplyDeleteNIM : 15020207
A root is a form which is not further analysable, either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology. It is that part of word-form that remains when all inflectional and derivational affixes have been removed. A root is the basic part always present in a lexeme. In the form ‘untouchables’ the root is ‘touch’, to which first the suffix ‘-able’, then the prefix ‘un-‘ and finally the suffix ‘-s’ have been added. In a compound word like ‘wheelchair’ there are two roots, ‘wheel’ and ‘chair’.
A stem is of concern only when dealing with inflectional morphology.
In the form ‘untouchables’ the stem is ‘untouchable’, although in the form ‘touched’ the stem is ‘touch’; in the form ‘wheelchairs’ the stem is ‘wheelchair’, even though the stem contains two roots.
A base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added. This means that any root or any stem can be termed a base, but the set of bases is not exhausted by the union of the set of roots and the set of stems.
NAMA:SATRIANI
ReplyDeleteNIM:15020195
1.roots is the core of the word. It is the morpheme that comprises the most important part of the word.
2.Stem is the form of a word that inflections get added onto. most of the time this will be the root.
3.Base is any part of a word that you can add inflection to, or that you can add prefixes/suffixes that change the meaning/part of speech
NAME:RATI FEBRIANI
ReplyDeleteNIM:15020181
1. Root is the irreducible core of a word, with absolutely nothing else attached to it. Roots can be free morpheme or a word element which the other new words grow, usually through addition prefixes and suffixes.
Example : unhappy, root : happy.
2. Steam is a word element to which grammatical or inflectional suffixes can be added. Every word that end with inflectional suffixes, we called it ‘steam’.
Example :
Bag (root) – bag(s) = bags (steam)
Play (root) – play(er)(base)+(s) = players (steam)
3.Base I any unit to which affixes of any kind derivational/lexical affixes can be added. All roots are bases. Bases are called steams only in the context of inflectional morphology.
Example :
Like (root) + -dis = dislike(base)+ -ed (inflectional suffixes) = disliked( steam)
It means that stem ‘disliked’ come from base ‘dislike’
Name : Nurlinda
ReplyDeleteNim : 15020174
Class. : B
1. ROOT is the part of a word that cannot be changed, and when added to creates different forms of the word.
for example : " walk ">> a root, can be changed in many ways : walking, walked, and walker.
2. STEM is a sentence that gives a certain diversity, but not change the words of the wise man. for example, the root is a noun then stem should be a noun or can also in connect in a sentence. if the root of being adjective then stem in changed in the form of the sentence then stem can be set to be noun.
fir example : Noun stem Cat-s and worker-s
3. BASES we can add implectional or we can add affixes that can change the meaning. for the example = worker for the explanation above that "WORK" is "ROOT" but "WORKER" is not ROOT and alsonot STEM that is none other BASES. Butif we adding (s) = WORKERS into WORKER it is STEM.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteNAME:YUSNIDA
ReplyDeleteNIM:15020218
1.Root is a form which is not further analysable, either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology. It is that part of word-form that remains when all inflectional and derivational affixes have been removed. A root is the basic part always present in a lexeme. In the form ‘untouchables’ the root is ‘touch’, to which first the suffix ‘-able’, then the prefix ‘un-‘ and finally the suffix ‘-s’ have been added. In a compound word like ‘wheelchair’ there are two roots, ‘wheel’ and ‘chair’.
2.Stem is of concern only when dealing with inflectional morphology.
In the form ‘untouchables’ the stem is ‘untouchable’, although in the form ‘touched’ the stem is ‘touch’; in the form ‘wheelchairs’ the stem is ‘wheelchair’, even though the stem contains two roots.
3.Base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added. This means that any root or any stem can be termed a base, but the set of bases is not exhausted by the union of the set of roots and the set of stems: a derivationally analysable form to which derivational affixes are added can only be referred to as a base. That is, ‘touchable’ can act as a base for prefixation to give ‘untouchable’, but in this process ‘touchable’ could not be referred to as a root because it is analysable in terms of derivational morphology, nor as a stem since it is not the adding of inflectional affixes which is in question.
NUR ASIZAH
ReplyDelete15020165
Root
Root is a form which is not further analysable, either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology. It is that part of word-form that remains when all inflectional and derivational affixes have been removed.
Stem
Stem is of concern only when dealing with inflectional morphology.
In the form ‘untouchables’ the stem is ‘untouchable’, although in the form ‘touched’ the stem is ‘touch’; in the form ‘wheelchairs’ the stem is ‘wheelchair’, even though the stem contains two roots.
Base
Base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added. This means that any root or any stem can be termed a base, but the set of bases is not exhausted by the union of the set of roots and the set of stems: a derivationally analysable form to which derivational affixes are added can only be referred to as a base.
Name : Jolanda
ReplyDeleteNim : 15020142
1. Root.
A root is the part of word that cannot be changed, and when added to creates different forms of the word.
2. Stem.
A stem is the form of a word that inflections get added onto. Most of the time this will be the root.
3. Base.
A base is any part of a word that you can add inflections to, or that you can add prefixes/suffixes that change the meaning/part of speed
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteNama : Nurhayati
ReplyDeleteNIM : 15020173
Class : B
Root is word without affix (suffix and prefix). Root can be free morpheme. Complex word can’t be root, but simple word can be root if the affix is cleared.
For example: Unbelievable
-un berupa prefix
-believe bereupa root/free morpheme
Able berupa free morpheme
We say that’s root if cleared the affix of the word.
Stem is the word that inflections get added onto. You can say it is stem when you’re talking about inflectional changes.
Character of stem:
• Only about inflectional
• Simple or complex
• Consist of two roots or more
Example: “smartest”
‘Smart’ is a stem. Will be stem if we delete the “est “ (Inflectional).
The different between root and stem:
- Root consist of one word, but stem can more than one
- Consist of derivation and inflection, but stem only consist of inflection.
Base is any part of the word that you can add inflection to, or that you can add affixes that changes the meaning.
Example:
1. Speaker is a base, inflectionally.
2. Touchable is base of untouchable.
Name :Musnaeny
ReplyDeleteClass:B
Nim :15020160
Based on the explanation in class, and i can get is of root, steem, and base.
#Root
Root is a form which is not furthe analysable, either in term of derivational morphologhy, it that part of word-from that remains when all inflectional and derivational affixes have been removed.
#Stem
Stem is a word which was given particular additive but does not change the kind words. For example, the root is a noun then Steam should be a noun, if the root acdjective then Steam also adjective.
#Base
A base is any part of a word that you cand add inflection to, or that you can add prefixes/suffixes that change the meaning or part of speech. So "walk" is also a base, because it can have inflections (walking) and can be turned into different words (walker is a noun). Walker is also base, because you can modify it inflectionally (Walkers is plural). And because it can have things added to drive new words (dog-walker)
name:miftahul jannah
ReplyDeletenim :15020198
name:miftahul jannah
nim :15020149
1. ROOT
Hearing the root word certainly imagined in our minds that the roots .. But we are here to discuss not discuss the said plant. To understand it directly to the examples
likes, dislike, disliked = like
explanation: like is the root of likes, dislike and disliked
That means the root of a word merupakaan original form without any additive.
2. Steam is a word element to which grammatical or inflectional suffixes can be added. Every word that end with inflectional suffixes, we called it ‘steam’.
Example :
Bag (root) – bag(s) = bags (steam)
Play (root) – play(er)(base)+(s) = players (steam)
3. BASE
All the root and the stem is the base but not all of the base may be the root and stem. example:
unfriendly = friend / user / unfriend
explanation: its base bis friend, friendly or unfriend.
Name :Musnaeny
ReplyDeleteClass:B
Nim :15020160
Based on the explanation in class, and i can get is of root, steem, and base.
#Root
Root is a form which is not furthe analysable, either in term of derivational morphologhy, it that part of word-from that remains when all inflectional and derivational affixes have been removed.
#Stem
Stem is a word which was given particular additive but does not change the kind words. For example, the root is a noun then Steam should be a noun, if the root acdjective then Steam also adjective.
#Base
A base is any part of a word that you cand add inflection to, or that you can add prefixes/suffixes that change the meaning or part of speech. So "walk" is also a base, because it can have inflections (walking) and can be turned into different words (walker is a noun). Walker is also base, because you can modify it inflectionally (Walkers is plural). And because it can have things added to drive new words (dog-walker)
St.Nurfadillah
ReplyDelete15020199
B class
According to Bauer,L. (1983).
Root
A root is a form which is not further analysable, either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology. It is that part of word-form that remains when all inflectional and derivational affixes have been removed. A root is the basic part always present in a lexeme. In the form ‘untouchables’ the root is ‘touch’, to which first the suffix ‘-able’, then the prefix ‘un-‘ and finally the suffix ‘-s’ have been added. In a compound word like ‘wheelchair’ there are two roots, ‘wheel’ and ‘chair’.
Stem
A stem is of concern only when dealing with inflectional morphology.
In the form ‘untouchables’ the stem is ‘untouchable’, although in the form ‘touched’ the stem is ‘touch’; in the form ‘wheelchairs’ the stem is ‘wheelchair’, even though the stem contains two roots.
Base
A base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added. This means that any root or any stem can be termed a base, but the set of bases is not exhausted by the union of the set of roots and the set of stems: a derivationally analysable form to which derivational affixes are added can only be referred to as a base. That is, ‘touchable’ can act as a base for prefixation to give ‘untouchable’, but in this process ‘touchable’ could not be referred to as a root because it is analysable in terms of derivational morphology, nor as a stem since it is not the adding of inflectional affixes which is in question.
Indriyana Ekasarah
ReplyDelete15020138/A
1.Root used to refer to a form that can not be analyzed further. That is the root of it is the shape that remains after all afiksnya both inflectional affixes and derivasionalnya eliminated (Chaer, 2007: 160).
2.Stem
Stem is part of the remaining forms of words when all inflectional affixes removed. Meanwhile Chaer (2007: 160) states that the term stem is used to refer to the basic shape in the process of affixing the inflection or inflectional affixes
3. BASE
All the root and the stem is the base but not all of the base may be the root and stem. example
unfriendly = friend / user / unfriend
explanation: its base bis friend, friendly or unfriend
>>> Example of determining the root and stem of a base, for example
Determine the root and the steam from the word untouchable !!!
discussion:
root = Touchable
stem = untouchable
reason: as both an adjective, remember it root and steam are the words of the same type.
Nama : Irmah
ReplyDeleteNIM : 15020140
Class : B
Root is the irreducible core of a word,with absolutely nothing else attached to it.roots can be free morpheme or a word element which the other new words grow,usually through addition prefixes and suffixes.
Example :unhappy,root:happy.
stem is the form of a word that inflections get added onto. Most of the time this will be the root. For example, the root is a noun then Steam should be a noun, if the root acdjective then Steam also adjective
base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added. This means that any root or any stem can be termed a base, but the set of bases is not exhausted by the union of the set of roots and the set of stems: a derivationally analysable form to which derivational affixes are added can only be referred to as a base.
- Root is the irreducible core of a
ReplyDeleteword, with absolutely nothing else attached to it. Roots can be
free morpheme or a word element which the other new
words grow, usually through
addition prefixes and suffixes.
- Steam
Steam is a word element to
which grammatical or inflectional
suffixes can be added. Every
word that end with inflectional
suffixes, we called it ‘steam’.
Inflectional suffixes.
2. Base
Base I any unit to which affixes
of any kind derivational/lexical
affixes can be added. All roots
are bases. Bases are called
steams only in the context of
inflectional morphology.
Name : R I S D A
ReplyDeleteNim : 15020187
Class : IV B
- Root is the part of a word that cannot be changed, and when added to creates different form of the word :
“ walk”, is a root, and can be changed in many ways : walking, walked, walker, walkie-talkie, sidewalk, walk-light, walks etc. You will never have a word related to walking where the “walk” part gets changed, so it is a root.
- Stem is the form of a word that inflection get added on to. Most of the time this will be the root. “walk” is the form that all the inflection (grammar-affecting changes) get added to, when you add-ing to it, it turns into a progressive verb or a gerund-ed turns it perfect. –s makes it a plural noun, or makes it agree with a singular subject.
- Base is any part of a word that you can add inflection to, or that you can add prefixes/suffixes that change the meaning/part of speech. So “walk” is also base, because it can have inflection (walking) and can be turned into different word (walker is a noun). Walker is also a base, because you can modify it inflectionally (walker is plural), and because it can have things added to drive new words (dog walker).
So all roots are bases because they are the smallest chunk that stays the same despite additions.
Not all base are roots though, because sometimes the root + inflection or root + derivation goes on to take additional changes. (walker is the root is still walk)
Stem are just bases when you are talking about inflectional changes (-ed, -ing, -s, etc).
- root is the term given to the
ReplyDeleteform of words that can not be
subdivided, can not be
analyzed again, no additional
recharge again. This root is
always there, even in the form
of a wide variety of
modifications to a lexeme.
-
Stems are part of the word
before given additional
inflectional affixes.
- Base is a
form on which to base the
morphology process, which
affixes can be added; both
inflectional and derivational
affixes. In other words, all of
the root is also the base.
NAME : MUZDALIFA LUBIS
ReplyDeleteCLASS : IV/B
NIM : 15020161
According to my understanding, I can conclude that:
-Root is the term given to the form of words that can not be subdivided, can not be analyzed again, no additional recharge again. This root is always there,even in the form of a wide variety of modifications to a lexeme. Example: Walk, is the root can appear in the form of word forms,such as: walks,walking,walked.
-Stem is part of the word before given additional inflectional affixes. Example: Friends
-Base are forms the basic of the morphology process,which affixes can be added: both inflectional and derivational affixes. In other words , all root is also the base. Example:Bookshop
A root is the part of a word that cannot be changed, and when added to creates different forms of the word.
ReplyDeleteExample : Walk
A stem is the form of a word that inflections get added onto.
Example : Swimming = Swim is a stem
A base is any part of a word that you can add inflections to, or that you can add prefixes/suffixes that change the meaning/part of speech.
Example : Swimming = Swim is a base
Swemmer = swim is a base
HERNAWATI
ReplyDelete15020131
After I study in class and I look in mr blog about root,steam and base I know about that.
root is the part of word that is the original form in which the root does not have any affixes.
for example
likes,dislike,disliked=like
explanation
like is the root from likes,dislike,and disliked
steam is part of word that only speak up about inflection, when steam can have two roots and steam also can be simple or complex word, this is steam the given word affix spesific but not change the types of word.
for example
friends=friend
explanation
friend is steam from friends. if you want know where steam from friends you must look the inflection, and you must delete suffix it is S so friend can be steam.
base is part of the word that can add affixes and suffixes that change.
for example
untouchable=touchable
explanatio touchable is base from untouchable
why touchable is base from untouchable because touchable can add suffixes and affixes
Name : Risqa Amaliyah
ReplyDeleteNim : 15020189
I draw some conclusions about the third point, namely, root, stem and base. that where all three are studies of the morpheme.
-root is the base of the word and can not be analyzed further.
-stem that is part of a sentence which includes the word stem and has affix the word on the sentence.
-base is a of the be related with root and stem , which is where all the base can be said to root, but not all can be said to base. because the sentence base there can be two or more root.
I'm soory if I do mistake in my opinion about that.
Nama : Friskawati Palembangan
ReplyDeleteNim : 15020125
Steam is Valve's digital game distributor by purchasing an online payment via media downloads. With the Steam, strived for game piracy is rampant can be suppressed. How it works with Steam software download, so can be checked and immediately bought a game theres.
Base is The only bone in the human body not connected to another is the hyois,a shaped bone located at the base of the tongue batween mandible and the voice box. Its function is to support the tongue and its muscles
Root is English has a root in languages such as greek and latin and understanding of the roots of common words orcommon roots will help us to gues about the meaning of new words and strengthen our vocabulary substantially.
Fitriani Nurhaq
ReplyDelete15020124
A Class
Root is the core of the word. It is the morpheme that comprises the most important part of the word.
The stem occurs after affixes have been added to the root.
Base is the same as a root except that the root has no lexical that you can add prefixes or suffixes.
For example : act = root, react = stem, reaction = base
- the root is a term to mention the form of said that can not be shared for, there can be analyzed again, there is no addition of particle again, root is there's always, in the form of a wide range of modification a leksem.
ReplyDeleteExample:teach and good.
- stem is part of said before given additional affix infleksional.
Example:speaking= speak is a stem.
- base is a form the basis in the process of morphology, where affix can be added, both affix infleksional and derivasional, in other words that all the root is also base, identification root,stem and base.
Example:tables= table is a base.
Name:syaeful arsa yoga
ReplyDeleteNIM:15020208
In English grammar and morphology, a stem is the
form of a word before any inflectional affixes are
added. In English, most stems also qualify as
words.
The term base is commonly used by linguists to
refer to any stem (or root) to which an affix is
attached.
See Examples and Observations below. Also see:
EXAMPLES AND OBSERVATIONS
Examples of word stems in English.
Bound Morpheme and Free Morpheme
Common Word Roots
Compounding
Conversion
Derivation
Lemma
Morpheme
Morphology
Prefix and Suffix
Replacive
"A stem may consist of a single root, of two
roots forming a compound stem, or of a root
(or stem) and one or more derivational affixes
forming a derived stem.
"The three main morphological processes are
compounding, affixation, and conversion.
Compounding involves adding two stems
together, as in . . . window-sill--or blackbird,
daydream, and so on. . . . For the most part,
affixes attach to free stems, i.e., stems that
can stand alone as a word. Examples are to be
found, however, where an affix is added to a
bound stem--compare perishable, where
perish is free, with durable, where dur is
bound, or unkind, where kind is free, with
unbeknown, where beknown is bound. . . .
"Conversion is where a stem is derived
without any change in form from one
belonging to a different class. For example, the
verb bottle (I must bottle some plums) is
derived by conversion from the noun bottle,
while the noun catch (That was a fine catch)
is converted from the verb.
The Difference Between a Base and a Stem
"Base is the core of a word, that part of the
word which is essential for looking up its
meaning in the dictionary; stem is either the
base by itself or the base plus another
morpheme to which other morphemes can be
added. [For example,] vary is both a base and
a stem; when an affix is attached the base/stem
is called a stem only. Other affixes can now be
attached."
Name: SRIDESI
ReplyDeleteClass: B/IV
Nim: 15020202
1. A root, or a root word, is a word that does not have a prefix in front of the word or a suffix at the end of the word. The root word is the primary lexical unit of a word, and of a word family (root is then called base word), which carries the most significant aspects of semantic content and cannot be reduced into smaller constituents. Content words in nearly all languages contain, and may consist only of root morphemes. However, sometimes the term "root" is also used to describe the word minus its inflectional endings, but with its lexical endings in place. For example, chatters has the inflectional root or lemma chatter, but the lexical root chat. Inflectional roots are often called stems, and a root in the stricter sense may be thought of as a monomorphemic stem.
2. A stem is a part of a word. The term is used with slightly different meanings.In one usage, a stem is a form to which affixes can be attached.[1] Thus, in this usage, the English word friendships contains the stem friend, to which the derivational suffix -ship is attached to form a new stem friendship, to which the inflectional suffix -s is attached. In a variant of this usage, the root of the word (in the example, friend) is not counted as a stem.
In a slightly different usage, which is adopted in the remainder of this article, a word has a single stem, namely the part of the word that is common to all its inflected variants.[2] Thus, in this usage, all derivational affixes are part of the stem. For example, the stem of friendships is friendship, to which the inflectional suffix -s is attached.
3. Base is commonly used by linguists to refer to any stem (or root) to which an affix is attached.In morphology, a base is a bigger unit to which an affix attaches or to which a morphological process applies. "I shall try to use the term root to refer to a single morpheme which bears the 'core' meaning of a word
Root is the smallest meaningful part of a word. Stem is any morpheme which a syntactical affix can be added to Base is any morpheme which an affix can be added to. here agree is a root and base at the same time..it is a root because it is bare and an base because dis- and -ment can be added to it. disagree is a stem because its is a verb and by adding ment it changes to an adjective dis/ment are affixes. affixes can't stand alone in languages. they are added to bases to change their meaning both semantically and syntactically.
ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDelete
ReplyDeleteName : Iva Musdalifah
Nim : 15020141
Class : A
*Root is the part of a word that cannot be changed, and when added to creates different forms of the word, and the part of word that still exist after all derivational and inflectional afixes is deleted.
For Example : Uncomfortable
Un=prefix,Comfort=Root/free morpheme,able=free morpheme
*Stem = - only about inflectional
- simple or complex
- Consist of two roots
For Example : Uncomfortables >Uncomfortable = Stem
*Base any part of a word that you can add inflection to, or that you can add prefixes/suffixes that change the meaning / part of speech.
For Example : Comfortable = base of Uncomfortable.
So all roots are bases but not all bases are roots.
SELVIANA YUSUF
ReplyDelete15020196
B
ROOT is the original form of a word without any additive,
STEEM is a word by certain a affixes but not change the type of word, while BASE that all root and stem is the base but not all base can become root and stem.
Name : Hendra
ReplyDeleteclass :IV/A
based on explaniation in class. I know if Root is the word that we cannot analyze agai. e.g (Play). and Stem Is word that we can ad Inflection and usually consist of two roots. e.g (Plays => Play is a stem. Base is the words that we can ad inflectiom to, or we can add suffix or prefix that change the meaning. e.g (Player=> Play is a base.
Name :Rati Wulandari
ReplyDeleteClass:B
#Root is part of the words related to the form of derivational and inflectional. Root can be changed and analyze more.
#Stem is part of the words related to form of inflection. Stem can be complex word and consists of two roots.
#Bases are part of the words related to the form of inflections and can add prefixes or suffixes. Not all bases can be a root, but root can be bases and stem.
Name : wahyuni
ReplyDeleteNim. :15020210
Class : B
1.Root
root is the original form of a word without any additive.
2.Stem
STEM is an educational program developed to prepare primary and secondary students for college and graduate study in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). In addition to subject-specific learning, STEM aims to foster inquiring minds, logical reasoning, and collaboration skills.
3.Base
A base is any unit whatsoever to which affixes of any kind can be added. The affixes attached to a base may be inflectional affixes selected for syntactic reasons or derivational affixes which alter the meaning or grammatical category of the base. An unadorned root like boy can be a base since it can have attached to it inflectional affixes like -s to form the plural boys or derivational affixes like -ish to tum the noun boy into the adjective boyish. In other words, all roots are bases. Bases are called stems only in the context of inflectional morphology. Example: faith, faithful, booksho.
Name : wahyuni
ReplyDeleteNim. :15020210
Class : B
1.Root
root is the original form of a word without any additive.
2.Stem
STEM is an educational program developed to prepare primary and secondary students for college and graduate study in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). In addition to subject-specific learning, STEM aims to foster inquiring minds, logical reasoning, and collaboration skills.
3.Base
A base is any unit whatsoever to which affixes of any kind can be added. The affixes attached to a base may be inflectional affixes selected for syntactic reasons or derivational affixes which alter the meaning or grammatical category of the base. An unadorned root like boy can be a base since it can have attached to it inflectional affixes like -s to form the plural boys or derivational affixes like -ish to tum the noun boy into the adjective boyish. In other words, all roots are bases. Bases are called stems only in the context of inflectional morphology. Example: faith, faithful, booksho.
Widiasty Husain
ReplyDelete1502013
C
Root is part of the words related to the form of derivational and inflectional. Root can be changed and analyze more.
Stem is part of the words related to form of inflection. Stem can be complex word and consists of two roots.
Bases are part of the words related to the form of inflections and can add prefixes or suffixes. Not all bases can be a root, but root can be bases and stem.
Widiasty Husain
ReplyDelete1502013
C
Root is part of the words related to the form of derivational and inflectional. Root can be changed and analyze more.
Stem is part of the words related to form of inflection. Stem can be complex word and consists of two roots.
Bases are part of the words related to the form of inflections and can add prefixes or suffixes. Not all bases can be a root, but root can be bases and stem.
name: Wahyuni.S
ReplyDeleteclass:b
A.root : root is the original form of a word without any of affixes
example :likes,dislike,disliked: like
*like are noot from likes,dislike,and disliked
B Stem : stem is a word from specific preffix but not change the typeof word.
example: friend : friends(true)
*friend is root form of noun and stem also a noun is friends.
C.Base : all the root and stem is the base but not all of base could be the root and stem
Example : unfriendly/friend/friendly/unfriend
*base could be the friend,friendly or unfriend
Name : Yulia Yunara
ReplyDeleteClass : B
1. Root
Root is the irreducible core of a word, with absolutely nothing else attached to it. Roots can be free morpheme or a word element which the other new words grow, usually through addition prefixes and suffixes.
Example : unhappy, root : happy.
2. Steam
Steam is a word element to which grammatical or inflectional suffixes can be added. Every word that end with inflectional suffixes, we called it ‘steam’.
Inflectional suffixes :
–s (plural)
–s (possessive)
–s (third singular person)
–ed (past tense)
–en (past participle)
–ing (present participle)
–er (comparative)
–est (superlative)
Example :
Bag (root) – bag(s) = bags (steam)
Play (root) – play(er)(base)+(s) = players (steam)
3. Base
Base I any unit to which affixes of any kind derivational/lexical affixes can be added. All roots are bases. Bases are called steams only in the context of inflectional morphology.
Example :
Like (root) + -dis = dislike(base)+ -ed (inflectional suffixes) = disliked( steam)
It means that stem ‘disliked’ come from base ‘dislike’
In my understanding about the explanation,
ReplyDeleteRoot is the original form of word without any affixes added.
Steam is a word which was given particular additive but does not change the kind words, and all inflectional affixes has removed.
Bases are part of the words related to the form of inflections and can add prefixes or suffixes. All the root and the stem is the base but not all of the base may be the root and stem.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeletebased on my opinion..
ReplyDelete‘Root’, ‘stem’ and ‘base’ are all terms used in the literature to designate that part of a word that remains when all affixes have been removed.
A root is a form which is not further analysable, either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology. It is that part of word-form that remains when all inflectional and derivational affixes have been removed. A root is the basic part always present in a lexeme. In the form ‘untouchables’ the root is ‘touch’, to which first the suffix ‘-able’, then the prefix ‘un-‘ and finally the suffix ‘-s’ have been added. In a compound word like ‘wheelchair’ there are two roots, ‘wheel’ and ‘chair’.
A stem is of concern only when dealing with inflectional morphology.
In the form ‘untouchables’ the stem is ‘untouchable’, although in the form ‘touched’ the stem is ‘touch’; in the form ‘wheelchairs’ the stem is ‘wheelchair’, even though the stem contains two roots.
A base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added. This means that any root or any stem can be termed a base, but the set of bases is not exhausted by the union of the set of roots and the set of stems: a derivationally analysable form to which derivational affixes are added can only be referred to as a base. That is, ‘touchable’ can act as a base for prefixation to give ‘untouchable’, but in this process ‘touchable’ could not be referred to as a root because it is analysable in terms of derivational morphology, nor as a stem since it is not the adding of inflectional affixes which is in question.
Name : wisnu agung n.p.
ReplyDeleteClass : c
-a root is word cannot be chaned
-a stem is the form that all the inflections
-a base is any part of a word that you can add inflections to
based on my opinion..
ReplyDelete‘Root’, ‘stem’ and ‘base’ are all terms used in the literature to designate that part of a word that remains when all affixes have been removed.
A root is a form which is not further analysable, either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology. It is that part of word-form that remains when all inflectional and derivational affixes have been removed. A root is the basic part always present in a lexeme. In the form ‘untouchables’ the root is ‘touch’, to which first the suffix ‘-able’, then the prefix ‘un-‘ and finally the suffix ‘-s’ have been added. In a compound word like ‘wheelchair’ there are two roots, ‘wheel’ and ‘chair’.
A stem is of concern only when dealing with inflectional morphology.
In the form ‘untouchables’ the stem is ‘untouchable’, although in the form ‘touched’ the stem is ‘touch’; in the form ‘wheelchairs’ the stem is ‘wheelchair’, even though the stem contains two roots.
A base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added. This means that any root or any stem can be termed a base, but the set of bases is not exhausted by the union of the set of roots and the set of stems: a derivationally analysable form to which derivational affixes are added can only be referred to as a base. That is, ‘touchable’ can act as a base for prefixation to give ‘untouchable’, but in this process ‘touchable’ could not be referred to as a root because it is analysable in terms of derivational morphology, nor as a stem since it is not the adding of inflectional affixes which is in question.
Based on this blog, we can make conclusion; root is unit which cant analyze or separated to get a new meaning. Stem related to inflectional morphology, ut can be adding by affix. Meanwhile bases is root and stem but bases group not comprehensive with the set of root and stem. Form that can be described affixes to which can be added called bases.
ReplyDeleteName:Endhita
ReplyDeleteNim :15020119
1.)rooot is the original form of a word, without any affix or can be the root is the base word.
Example:likes,dislike=Like
Like is the root of dislike and likes.
2.) stem is a word which was given particular affix but does not change the type of word. root is a noun, then stem is a noun if the root adjective then stem adjective.
Example:
Friend:friends(true)
friend is the root form of the noun, the stem that is used is a noun that friends
Friend:friendly(wrong)
friend is a noun while the friendly is an adjective. so dissimilar!
3.)Base all root and stem is the base but not all base can become root and stem.
determine root and steam.
untouchable:
root:touchable
Stem:untouchable
Because both are adjectives . Remember!root and stem are the words of the same type
"Root" "stem" and "base" are all terms used in the literature to designate that part of a word that remains when all affixes have been removed.
ReplyDelete1.Root is part of the words related to the form of derivational and inflectional. Root can be changed and analyze more.
ReplyDelete2. Stem is part of the words related to form of inflection. Stem can be complex word and consists of two roots.
3. Bases are part of the words related to the form of inflections and can add prefixes or suffixes. Not all bases can be a root, but root can be bases and stem.
1. The root of the word is the part of a word form that remains when all the inflexional and derivational affixes are removed. The root of the word is the fundamental part that is always present in a leksem.
ReplyDelete2. Stem is the remaining part of the word form when all inflexional affixes are removed.
3. Bases is a form to which affixes are added, any affixes, either inflectional affixes or derivational affixes.
Name : Herliantisari
ReplyDeleteClass : A
Nim : 15020129
1. Root : root is the part of a word that cannot be changed, and when added to creates different forms of the word. Example : walk is a root and be changed in many ways like walking and walked.
2. Stem : stem is the form a word that inflections get added onto. Most of the time this will be the root 'walk' is the form that all the inflections
3. Base : base is any part af a word that you can add inflections to, or that you can add prefixes/suffixes that change the meaning/part of spech. So 'walk' is also base because it can have inflections (walking) and can be turned into different words ( walker is a noun )
Name : Andi zulKifli
ReplyDeleteNim : 15021554
Based on this blog, we can make conclusion; root is unit which cant analyze or separated to get a new meaning. Stem related to inflectional morphology, ut can be adding by affix. Meanwhile bases is root and stem but bases group not comprehensive with the set of root and stem. Form that can be described affixes to which can be added called bases.
Name : Hidayah Magfirah
ReplyDeleteNim : 15020132
Class : A
-Root is the element on which the formation of the word.
-Stem is a morpheme, word, or phrase that joining affixes (without inflectional affixes).
-Base is a morpheme that can be expanded with spiked affixes.
Baskara Fitra R
ReplyDelete15020108
What I get in class that I can give a conclusion
Root is the original form of word without any affixes added, so root is a word that can not be changed.
Steam is a word which was given particular additive but does not change the kind words, and all inflectional affixes has removed.
Bases are part of the words related to the form of inflections and can add prefixes or suffixes. All the root and the stem is the base but not all of the base may be the root and stem.
Root is a word that can not be analyzed anymore. Steam is a word that can add only with inflection. Base is a word that can be added by inflection and derifation.
ReplyDeleteName : Hariani
ReplyDeleteNim : 16020145
Class: IV/B
Assalamu'alaikim warahmatullahi wabarakatuh
A ROOT is the part of a word that cannot be changed, and when added to creates different forms of the word:
"Walk" is a root, and can be changed in many ways: walking, walked, walker, walkie-talkie, sidewalk, walk-light, walks etc. You will never have a word related to walking where the "walk" part gets changed, so it is a root.
Most of the time the root forms a word on its own, but sometimes they do not.
complete, replete, expletive: these all have the root "plete", which happens to not be a word on its own.
A STEM is the form of a word that inflections get added onto. Most of the time this will be the root. "Walk" is the form that all the inflections (grammar-affecting changes) gets added to, when you add ~ing to it, it turns into a progressive verb or a gerund. ~ed turns it perfect. ~s makes it a plural noun, or makes it agree with a singular subject.
A BASE is any part of a word that you can add inflections to, or that you can add prefixes/suffixes that change the meaning/part of speech. So "walk" is also a base, because it can have inflections (walking) and can be turned into different words (walker is a noun). Walker is also a base, because you can modify it inflectionally (walkers is plural), and because it can have things added to derive new words (dog-walker).
So all roots are bases because they are the smallest chunk that stays the same despite additions.
Not all bases are roots though, because sometimes the root+inflection or root+derivation goes on to take additional changes. (Walker is a base, but the root is still walk).
Stems are just bases when you are talking about inflectional changes (-ed, -ing, -s, etc.)
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteName : Alisa meilani
ReplyDeleteNim : 16020111
Class : A
A root is the part of a word that cannot be changed, and when added to creates different forms of the word:
"Walk" is a root, and can be changed in many ways: walking, walked, walker, walkie-talkie, sidewalk, walk-light, walks etc. You will never have a word related to walking where the "walk" part gets changed, so it is a root.
A stem is the form of a word that inflections get added onto. Most of the time this will be the root. "Walk" is the form that all the inflections (grammar-affecting changes) gets added to, when you add ~ing to it, it turns into a progressive verb or a gerund. ~ed turns it perfect. ~s makes it a plural noun, or makes it agree with a singular subject.
Stems are just bases when you are talking about inflectional changes (-ed, -ing, -s, etc.).
A base is any part of a word that you can add inflections to, or that you can add prefixes/suffixes that change the meaning/part of speech. So "walk" is also a base, because it can have inflections (walking) and can be turned into different words (walker is a noun). Walker is also a base, because you can modify it inflectionally (walkers is plural), and because it can have things added to derive new words (dog-walker).
**Thank You**
Name : Desry Herarinry
ReplyDeleteNim : 16020129
Class : A
Root is the irreducible core of a word, with absolutely nothing else attached to it. Roots can be free morpheme or a word element which the other new words grow, usually through addition prefixes and suffixes.
Example : unhappy, root : happy.
Stem is a word element to which grammatical or inflectional suffixes can be added. Every word that end with inflectional suffixes, we called it ‘stem’
Example :Bag (root) – bag(s) = bags (stem)
Base I any unit to which affixes of any kind derivational/lexical affixes can be added. All roots are bases. Bases are called steams only in the context of inflectional morphology.
Example :Like (root) + -dis = dislike(base)+ -ed (inflectional suffixes) = disliked( stem)
-Thank you
Name:Darma Darwis
ReplyDeleteClass:A(IV)
Reg.No:16020125
1. Root is the part of a word that cannot be changed,and when added to creates different forms of the word.
Example:
a)Account,can be changed in many ways:accounts,accounting,accounterments,accounted,accountant,accountany,accountable and accontability.
2. Stem are just bases when you are talking about inflectional changes.
Example:
a). Accounted
-accont=root
-ed=stem
3. Base any part of aword that you can add inflections to,or that you can add preffixes/suffies that change the meaning..
Example:
a) Accounted=base of unaccounted
Thats all,thank you...
Name : aprilia udinsyah putri
ReplyDeleteReg.no:16020120
1. Root is rhe part of word that still exist after all derivational and inflectional afixes is deleted.
Example: attain(able,ed,ing,ment)
2.stem the form of a word that inflections get added onto
Example: attain(ing)
3. Base any part of a word that you can add inflections to,or that you can add prefixes/suffiex that change the meaning
Example: un(attaining) base of unattaining
Name:Erni
ReplyDeleteReg. No:16020135
1. Root is the part of a word that cannot be changed,and when added to creates different forms of the word.
Example:
a)abash,ed,ment
2. Stem are just bases when you are talking about inflectional changes.
Example:
a). Abashment
-abash=root
-ment=stem
3. Base any part of aword that you can add inflections to,or that you can add preffixes/suffies that change the meaning..
Example:
a) abashment= base of unabashment
Name:Annisa yola karel paingi
ReplyDeleteNim: 16020119
Class : A
Root is part of the words related to the form of derivational and inflectional. Root can be changed and analyze more.
Stem is part of the words related to form of inflection. Stem can be complex word and consists of two roots.
Bases are part of the words related to the form of inflections and can add prefixes or suffixes. Not all bases can be a root, but root can be bases and stem.
Name:Linda Tappi
ReplyDeleteNim : 16020165
Class :B
Root is the original form of word without any affixes added, so root is a word that can not be changed.
Steam is a word which was given particular additive but does not change the kind words, and all inflectional affixes has removed.
Bases are part of the words related to the form of inflections and can add prefixes or suffixes. All the root and the stem is the base but not all of the base may be the root and stem.
Name : Ady irawan
ReplyDeleteClass : IV/A
Root is the original form of word without any affixes added, so root is a word that can not be changed.
Steam is a word which was given particular additive but does not change the kind words, and all inflectional affixes has removed.
Bases are part of the words related to the form of inflections and can add prefixes or suffixes. All the root and the stem is the base but not all of the base may be the root and stem.
- Root is the part of a word that cannot be changed, and when added to creates different form of the word :
“ walk”, is a root, and can be changed in many ways : walking, walked, walker, walkie-talkie, sidewalk, walk-light, walks etc. You will never have a word related to walking where the “walk” part gets changed, so it is a root.
- Stem is the form of a word that inflection get added on to. Most of the time this will be the root. “walk” is the form that all the inflection (grammar-affecting changes) get added to, when you add-ing to it, it turns into a progressive verb or a gerund-ed turns it perfect. –s makes it a plural noun, or makes it agree with a singular subject.
- Base is any part of a word that you can add inflection to, or that you can add prefixes/suffixes that change the meaning/part of speech. So “walk” is also base, because it can have inflection (walking) and can be turned into different word (walker is a noun). Walker is also a base, because you can modify it inflectionally (walker is plural), and because it can have things added to drive new words (dog walker).
So all roots are bases because they are the smallest chunk that stays the same despite additions.
Not all base are roots though, because sometimes the root + inflection or root + derivation goes on to take additional changes. (walker is the root is still walk)
Stem are just bases when you are talking about inflectional changes (-ed, -ing, -s, etc).
Name : Andi Astarina
ReplyDeleteClass : A/IV
Nim. : 16020113
Based on the explanation in class, what can i get is ;
Its simple explanation to understanding the material
Root stem and base
#Root
Root is the part of a word that cannot be changed, and when added to creates different forms of the word, and the part of word that still exist after all derivational and inflectional afixes is deleted
For Example = Walk" =>> a root,
can be changed in many ways:
walking, walked, walker,
walkie-talkie, sidewalk,
walk-light, walks etc.
You will never have a word related to walking where
the "walk" part gets changed,
so it is a root.
#Stem
stem > only about inflectional
stem > simple or complex
stem > consist of two roots
Example =
untouchables >>
untouchable => stem
#Base
any part of a word that you can add inflections to, or that you can add prefixes/suffixes that change the meaning/part of speech
Example = touchable => base of untouchable
So allroots are bases but not all bases are roots
ReplyDeleteName : AnandaAwalia
Nim : 16020112
Class : A
*Root is the part of a word that cannot be changed, and when added to creates different forms of the word, and the part of word that still exist after all derivational and inflectional afixes is deleted
*Stem is part of the words related to form of inflection. Stem can be complex word and consists of two roots.
*Base I any unit to which affixes of any kind derivational/lexical affixes can be added. All roots are bases. Bases are called steams only in the context of inflectional morphology.
discussion:
root = Touchable
stem = untouchable
reason: as both an adjective, remember it root and steam are the words of the same type.
Name : Herlinawati
ReplyDeleteNIM : 16020150
Class : B/IV
ROOT, STEM, and BASE
1. Root
Root is the irreducible core of a word, with absolutely nothing else attached to it. Roots can be free morpheme or a word element which the other new words grow, usually through addition prefixes and suffixes.
Example : Misunderstand, root : Understand.
2. Stem
Stem is a word element to which grammatical or inflectional suffixes can be added. Every word that end with inflectional suffixes, we called it ‘stem’.
Inflectional suffixes :
1. –s (plural)
2. –s (possessive)
3. –s (third singular person)
4. –ed (past tense)
5. –en (past participle)
6. –ing (present participle)
7. –er (comparative)
8. –est (superlative)
Example :
Stay (root) – Stay(s) = Stays (stem)
Game (root) – Game(er) = (base)+(s) = Gamers (stem)
3. Base
Base I any unit to which affixes of any kind derivational/lexical affixes can be added. All roots are bases. Bases are called steams only in the context of inflectional morphology.
Example :
Like (root) + -dis = dislike(base)+ -ed (inflectional suffixes) = disliked( stem)
It means that stem ‘disliked’ come from base ‘dislike’
Name :Andi yustika nur
DeleteNim :16020116
Class:A
Root is the original form of a word without any increment Ex.
Like :root
Stem one of the words than given a certain affix but one change the word.
Ex.
Friends:stem
Base all root and stem is base but not all base can be root and stem.
Ex.
Unfriendly:base
Name : Nasrianti
ReplyDeleteNo Reg : 16020176
Classv : IV/B
• Root is the irreducible core of a word, with absolutely nothing else attached to it. Roots can be free morpheme or a word element which the other new words grow, usually through addition prefixes and suffixes.
Example : unhappy, root : happy.
• Steam is a word element to which grammatical or inflectional suffixes can be added. Every word that end with inflectional suffixes, we called it ‘steam’.
Example :
Bag (root) – bag(s) = bags (steam)
Play (root) – play(er)(base)+(s) = players (steam)
• Base is any unit to which affixes of any kind derivational/lexical affixes can be added. All roots are bases. Bases are called steams only in the context of inflectional morphology.
Example :
Like (root) + -dis = dislike(base)+ -ed (inflectional suffixes) = disliked( steam)
It means that stem ‘disliked’ come from base ‘dislike’
Name:Ningsih
ReplyDeleteClass:B/IV
NIM:16020178
1. ROOT
What is root ?? Hearing the word root must be imagined in our minds is the root .. But we are here to discuss the word instead of discussing plants. To understand it directly to the example only
likes, dislike, disliked = like
explanation: like is the root of likes, dislike and disliked
That means root is the original form of a word without any affix.
2. STEM
Steam is a given word given but does not change the type of word. For example root is a noun then steam should be a noun, if root adjectives then steam is also an adjective
example
friend = friends (true)
explanation: friend is root in the form of a noun then the stem is also a noun that is friends
friend = friendly (wrong)
explanation: friend is a noun whereas friendly is an adjective so it is not the same
3. BASE
All root and stem are base but not all base can be root and stem. example
unfriendly = friend / friendly / unfriend
explanation: her bus base friend, friendly or unfriend
>>> The example specifies the root and stem of a base, for example
Determine the root and steam of the word UNTOUCHABLE !!!
Discussion:
root = touchable
stem = untouchable
reason: because both are adjectives, remember root and steam are words of the same type.
Name : Mindy Fadya Anugrah
DeleteClass: IV/B
Nim : 16020170
Root is the form that can not analyzed more.
For example:
-read
-swim
-eat
Stem is the form of a word that inflections get added onto
For example:
-friends
-books
-collected
Base is any part of a word that you can add inflections to,or that you can add prefix and suffix that change the meaning/part of speech.
For example:
Reaction=base is react
Cats=base is cat
Name : Mindy Fadya Anugrah
DeleteClass: IV/B
Nim : 16020170
Root is the form that can not analyzed more.
For example:
-read
-swim
-eat
Stem is the form of a word that inflections get added onto
For example:
-friends
-books
-collected
Base is any part of a word that you can add inflections to,or that you can add prefix and suffix that change the meaning/part of speech.
For example:
Reaction=base is react
Cats=base is cat
Name : Indri Selianti
ReplyDeleteNo.card : 16020154
Class/ Semester : IV/ B
ROOT, BASE, and STEAM
1. Root
Root is the irreducible core of a word, with
absolutely nothing else attached to it.
Roots can be free morpheme or a word
element which the other new words grow,
usually through addition prefixes and
suffixes.
Example : unhappy, root : happy.
2. Steam
Steam is a word element to which
grammatical or inflectional suffixes can be
added. Every word that end with
inflectional suffixes, we called it ‘steam’.
Inflectional suffixes :
1. –s (plural)
2. –s (possessive)
3. –s (third singular person)
4. –ed (past tense)
5. –en (past participle)
6. –ing (present participle)
7. –er (comparative)
8. –est (superlative)
Example :
Bag (root) – bag(s) = bags (steam)
Play (root) – play(er)(base)+(s) = players
(steam)
3. Base
Base I any unit to which affixes of any kind
derivational/lexical affixes can be added.
All roots are bases. Bases are called steams
only in the context of inflectional
morphology.
Example :
Like (root) + -dis = dislike(base)+ -ed
(inflectional suffixes) = disliked( steam)
It means that stem ‘disliked’ come from
base ‘dislike’.
That's another article I've got
and thanks you ..
you have taught me by your art.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteNama : Anggi Putri Evilian
ReplyDeleteNim : 16020118
Kelas: A
1. Root is the irreducible core of a word, with absolutely nothing else attached to it. Roots can be free morpheme or a word element wh ich the other new words grow, usually through addition prefixes and suffixes.
Example : unhappy, root : happy.
2. Steam is a word element to which grammatical or inflectional suffixes can be added. Every word that end with inflectional suffixes, we called it ‘steam’.
Example :
Bag (root) – bag(s) = bags (steam)
Play (root) – play(er)(base)+(s) = players (steam)
3.Base I any unit to which affixes of any kind derivational/lexical affixes can be added. All roots are bases. Bases are called steams only in the context of inflectional morphology.
Example :
Like (root) + -dis = dislike(base)+ -ed (inflectional suffixes) = disliked( steam)
It means that stem ‘disliked’ come from base ‘dislike’
Name : Herlinawati
ReplyDeleteNIM : 16020150
Class : B/IV
ROOT, STEM, and BASE
1. Root
Root is the irreducible core of a word, with absolutely nothing else attached to it. Roots can be free morpheme or a word element which the other new words grow, usually through addition prefixes and suffixes.
Example : Misunderstand, root : Understand.
2. Stem
Stem is a word element to which grammatical or inflectional suffixes can be added. Every word that end with inflectional suffixes, we called it ‘stem’.
Inflectional suffixes :
1. –s (plural)
2. –s (possessive)
3. –s (third singular person)
4. –ed (past tense)
5. –en (past participle)
6. –ing (present participle)
7. –er (comparative)
8. –est (superlative)
Example :
Stay (root) – Stay(s) = Stays (stem)
Game (root) – Game(er) = (base)+(s) = Gamers (stem)
3. Base
Base I any unit to which affixes of any kind derivational/lexical affixes can be added. All roots are bases. Bases are called steams only in the context of inflectional morphology.
Example :
Like (root) + -dis = dislike(base)+ -ed (inflectional suffixes) = disliked( stem)
It means that stem ‘disliked’ come from base ‘dislike’
The explanation above that telling us about to show the part of word that has left when all affixes is missed,which are Root,Stem,Base.
ReplyDelete# Root= original form of word with no affixes inside.
For example= science,see,punish.
# Stem= form of word that has left if implection is missed.
For example= playing-play,unforgetable-forget,dividing-divide.
# Base= we can add implectional or we can add affixes that can change the meaning.
For example= Friends.
To explanation above that Friend is Root but Friend is not root and also not stem that is none other base. But if we adding (s)= Friends into Friend it is stem.
Name : Nuresa
ReplyDeleteNIM : 16020183
Class : B/IV
A root is the part of a word that cannot be changed, and when added to creates different forms of the word:
"Walk" is a root, and can be changed in many ways: walking, walked, walker, walks etc. You will never have a word related to walking where the "walk" part gets changed, so it is a root.
Most of the time the root forms a word on its own, but sometimes they do not.
complete, replete, expletive: these all have the root "plete", which happens to not be a word on its own.
A stem is the form of a word that inflections get added onto. Most of the time this will be the root. "Walk" is the form that all the inflections (grammar-affecting changes) gets added to, when you add ~ing to it, it turns into a progressive verb or a gerund. ~ed turns it perfect. ~s makes it a plural noun, or makes it agree with a singular subject.
Stems are just bases when you are talking about inflectional changes (-ed, -ing, -s, etc.).
A base is any part of a word that you can add inflections to, or that you can add prefixes/suffixes that change the meaning/part of speech. So "walk" is also a base, because it can have inflections (walking) and can be turned into different words (walker is a noun). Walker is also a base, because you can modify it inflectionally (walkers is plural), and because it can have things added to derive new words (dog-walker).
So all roots are bases because they are the smallest chunk that stays the same despite additions.
Not all bases are roots though, because sometimes the root+inflection or root+derivation goes on to take additional changes. (Walker is a base, but the root is still walk).
Thank You.
Name : Nur Syahria
ReplyDeleteNIM : 16020182
Class : B/IV
Root is the irreducible core of a word, with absolutely nothing else attached to it. Roots can be free morpheme or a word element which the other new words grow, usually through addition prefixes and suffixes.
Example : unhappy, root : happy.
Steam is a word element to which grammatical or inflectional suffixes can be added. Every word that end with inflectional suffixes, we called it ‘steam’.
Inflectional suffixes :
Example :
Bag (root) – bag(s) = bags (steam)
Play (root) – play(er)(base)+(s) = players (steam)
Base I any unit to which affixes of any kind derivational/lexical affixes can be added. All roots are bases. Bases are called steams only in the context of inflectional morphology.
Example :
Like (root) + -dis = dislike(base)+ -ed (inflectional suffixes) = disliked( steam)
It means that stem ‘disliked’ come from base ‘dislike’
Name : Leni Marlina
ReplyDeleteNIM : 16020164
Class : B/IV
A root is a form which is not further analysable, either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology. It is that part of word-form that remains when all inflectional and derivational affixes have been removed. A root is the basic part always present in a lexeme.
Example :
‘untouchables’ the root is ‘touch’, to which first the suffix ‘-able’, then the prefix ‘un-‘ and finally the suffix ‘-s’ have been added. In a compound word like ‘wheelchair’ there are two roots, ‘wheel’ and ‘chair’.
A stem is of concern only when dealing with inflectional morphology.
Example :
‘untouchables’ the stem is ‘untouchable’, although in the form ‘touched’ the stem is ‘touch’; in the form ‘wheelchairs’ the stem is ‘wheelchair’, even though the stem contains two roots.
A base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added. This means that any root or any stem can be termed a base, but the set of bases is not exhausted by the union of the set of roots and the set of stems: a derivationally analysable form to which derivational affixes are added can only be referred to as a base. That is, ‘touchable’ can act as a base for prefixation to give ‘untouchable’, but in this process ‘touchable’ could not be referred to as a root because it is analysable in terms of derivational morphology, nor as a stem since it is not the adding of inflectional affixes which is in question
NAME:PAJRIANI
ReplyDeleteNIM:16020186
CLASS:B/IV
The explanation above that telling us about term that used in literatur to show the part of word that has left when all affixes is missed, which are root, stem, and bases.
# ROOT = original form of word with no affixes inside.
for the example = look, see, believe, sit.
# STEM = form of word that has left if implectional is missed.
for the example = playing - play, watching - watch, and kissing - kiss.
# BASES = we can add implectional or we can add affixes that can change the meaning.
for the example = worker
for the explanation above that WORK is ROOT but WORKER is not ROOT and also not STEM that is none other BASES. But if we adding (s) = WORKERS into WORKER it is STEM.
NAME: NUR HIKMA
ReplyDeleteNIM:16020180
CLASS:B/IV
1. ROOT
What is the root ?? Hearing the root word certainly imagined in our minds that the roots , But we are here to discuss not discuss the said plant. To understand it directly to the examples
likes, dislike, disliked = like
explanation: like is the root of likes, dislike and disliked
That means the root of a word merupakaan original form without any additive.
2. STEM
Steam is a word which was given particular additive but does not change the kind words. For example, the root is a noun then steamnya should be a noun, if the root adjective then steam also adjective .Here
example
friend = friends (right)
explanation: friend is the root form of the noun it stemnya also a noun that friends
friend = user (one)
explanation: friend is friendly whereas the noun is an adjective so dissimilar
3. BASE
All the root and the stem is the base but not all of the base may be the root and stem. example
unfriendly = friend / user / unfriend
explanation: its base bis friend, friendly or unfriend.
NAME:ISRADAYANTI
ReplyDeleteNIM:16020156
CLASS:B/IV
I will give you all a simple explanation of root,stem and base .
●Roots are words that create base for any word that has a meaning with no suffix or prefix. Basically these words create origin for the word that help in defining. Root words have their own meaning, idea or concept. Root words are already small in size having meaning and these cannot be further reduced.
Example;
Geology - Geo is the root word
Capture - Cap is the root word
●Stems are words that is used for joining words.
Example;Photosynthesis - syn is the stem word
●BASE Words are a words that can stand alone.
Example; from worker word - base of worker is work.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteName:magfirah asnan
ReplyDeleteNim :16020167
Class:B/IV
1.Root
root Is original form of a word without any affix.
Example
likes, dislike, disliked = like
explanation: like is the root of likes, dislike and disliked
2. STEM
Steam is a word given a certain affix but does not change the type of word. For example root is a noun then steam should be a noun, if root adjectives then steam is also an adjective
example
friend = friends (true)
explanation: friend is root in the form of a noun then the stem is also a noun that is friends
friend = friendly (wrong)
explanation: friend is a noun whereas friendly is an adjective so it is not the same
3. BASE
All root and stem are base but not all base can be root and stem.
example
unfriendly = friend / friendly / unfriend
explanation: her bus base friend, friendly or unfriend.
Nama:magfirah asnan
ReplyDeleteNim :16020167
Class:B/IV
1.Root
root Is original form of a word without any affix.
Example
likes, dislike, disliked = like
explanation: like is the root of likes, dislike and disliked
2. STEM
Steam is a word given a certain affix but does not change the type of word. For example root is a noun then steam should be a noun, if root adjectives then steam is also an adjective
example
friend = friends (true)
explanation: friend is root in the form of a noun then the stem is also a noun that is friends
friend = friendly (wrong)
explanation: friend is a noun whereas friendly is an adjective so it is not the same
3. BASE
All root and stem are base but not all base can be root and stem.
example
unfriendly = friend / friendly / unfriend
explanation: her bus base friend, friendly or unfriend.
Name: Kiki arena aksari
ReplyDeleteNim : 16020161
class: B
Assalamualaikum wr. wb
1. Root is the part of word that cannot be changed and when added to creates different forms of the word
Example:
Likes, dislike, disliked: like
explenation: like is root from likes, dislike, and dislike it means root is the original form of a word without increment
2. Stem the from of a word that inflections get added onto.
Example:
Friend: Friends
explenation: Friend is root a noun the stem is also a noun that is Friends
3. Base Any part of a word that you can add inflections to, or that you can add prefixess/sufixxes that change the meaning/ part of speech.
Example:
Unfriendly: Friend/Friends/unfriend
Explenation: base can Friend, Friendly or Unfriend.
Name :Hasfilan
ReplyDeleteNim :16020147
Class:IV/B
Steam, Base, and Root
Root
Root is the irreducible core of a word, with absolutely nothing else attached to it. Roots can be free morpheme or a word element which the other new words grow, usually through addition prefixes and suffixes.
Example : unhappy, root : happy.
Steam
Steam is a word element to which grammatical or inflectional suffixes can be added. Every word that end with inflectional suffixes, we called it ‘steam’.
Inflectional suffixes :
–s (plural)–s (possessive)–s (third singular person)–ed (past tense)–en (past participle)–ing (present participle)–er (comparative)–est (superlative)
Example :
Bag (root) – bag(s) = bags (steam)
Play (root) – play(er)(base)+(s) = players (steam)
Base
Base I any unit to which affixes of any kind derivational/lexical affixes can be added. All roots are bases. Bases are called steams only in the context of inflectional morphology.
Example :
Like (root) + -dis = dislike(base)+ -ed (inflectional suffixes) = disliked( steam)
It means that stem ‘disliked’ come from base ‘dislike’
Affixes
Affixes is a morpheme (bound morpheme) which only occurs when attached to some other morphemes such as a root, steam or base.
Name : hastuti
ReplyDeleteNim : 16020149
Class : B/IV
Root, Stem and Base.
A root
Root is the part of a word that cannot be changed, and when added to creates different forms of the word:
Example.."Walk" is a root, and can be changed in many ways: walking, walked, walker, walkie-talkie, sidewalk, walk-light, walks etc.
Most of the time the root forms a word on its own, but sometimes they do not.
complete, replete, expletive: these all have the root "plete", which happens to not be a word on its own.
steam is part of word that only speak up about inflection, when steam can have two roots and steam also can be simple or complex word, this is steam the given word affix spesific but not change the types of word.
for example
friends=friend
explanation
friend is steam from friends. if you want know where steam from friends you must look the inflection, and you must delete suffix it is S so friend can be steam.
• Base is any unit to which affixes of any kind derivational/lexical affixes can be added. All roots are bases. Bases are called steams only in the context of inflectional morphology.
Example :
Like (root) + -dis = dislike(base)+ -ed (inflectional suffixes) = disliked( steam)
It means that stem ‘disliked’ come from base ‘dislike’
Name : Karmiati
ReplyDeleteNIM : 16020160
Class: IV/B
A root is a form which is not further analysable, either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology. It is that part of word-form that remains when all inflectional and derivational affixes have been removed. A root is the basic part always present in a lexeme. In the form ‘untouchables’ the root is ‘touch’, to which first the suffix ‘-able’, then the prefix ‘un-‘ and finally the suffix ‘-s’ have been added. In a compound word like ‘wheelchair’ there are two roots, ‘wheel’ and ‘chair’.
A stem is of concern only when dealing with inflectional morphology.
In the form ‘untouchables’ the stem is ‘untouchable’, although in the form ‘touched’ the stem is ‘touch’; in the form ‘wheelchairs’ the stem is ‘wheelchair’, even though the stem contains two roots.
A base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added. This means that any root or any stem can be termed a base, but the set of bases is not exhausted by the union of the set of roots and the set of stems: a derivationally analysable form to which derivational affixes are added can only be referred to as a base. That is, ‘touchable’ can act as a base for prefixation to give ‘untouchable’, but in this process ‘touchable’ could not be referred to as a root because it is analysable in terms of derivational morphology, nor as a stem since it is not the adding of inflectional affixes which is in question.
Name :Karmi Megasari
ReplyDeleteNim :16020159
Class:IV/B
Words are made up of roots, bases, stems, derivational endings, inflectional endings, and occasionally clitics. Not everyone agrees on these forms or on the names of them. This includes Katamba.
If we include base-extenders (stem-extenders_ as some kind of near-morph or submorph, then a root is that part of a word from which all affixes and stem-extenders have been removed. A root differs partially from a stem in that a stem must have lexical meaning. A root has no lexical meaning and the semantic range of the root is vague if there is any at all. A stem may contain derivational affixes.
Name: novi mentari
ReplyDeleteNim: 16020179
Class:IV/ B
Root is the form that can not analyzed more. Are there in derivational or inflectional term.
Root is the part of a word that cannot be changed and when added to creates different forms of the word.
Walk> a root
Can be changed in many ways:
Walking,walked,walker, walkie,talkie sidewalk, walk light,walks
Touch= a root
Stem= the form of a word that inflection get added onto
Stem= are just bases when you are talking about inflectional changes( ed- ing)
Untouchable= stem
Base= any part of a word that you can add inflection to or that
Name : Jannatul Islamiyah K
ReplyDeleteClass : B/IV
NIM : 16020157
Assalamu'alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh.
Basen on your explanation in my class i get that:
1. Root : the part of word that can't be changed, and when added to creates differeat the word.
Ex: play, sleep, cook, etc.
2. Stem : - the form of a word that inflection get added onto.
- are just bases when you are talking about inflectional changes (-ed, _ing, -s, etc.).
Ex: playing => play(stem)
3. Base : any part of a word that you can add inflection to, or that you can add prefixes/suffixes
that change the meaning/part of speech.
Ex: dislike => like(bases)
All roots are bases because they are the smallest chunk that stays the same despite addirion. And, not all bases are roots though, because sometimes the root+inflection or root+derivation goes on to take additional changes.
Name: Wiwin saputra
ReplyDeleteClass: C/IV
NIM: 16020227
1. Root is the part of a word that cannot be changed, and when added to creates different forms of the word:
"Walk" is a root, and can be changed in many ways: walking, walked, walker, walkie-talkie, sidewalk, walk-light, walks etc. You will never have a word related to walking where the "walk" part gets changed, so it is a root.
2. Stem is the form of a word that inflections get added onto. Most of the time this will be the root. "Walk" is the form that all the inflections (grammar-affecting changes) gets added to, when you add ~ing to it, it turns into a progressive verb or a gerund. ~ed turns it perfect. ~s makes it a plural noun, or makes it agree with a singular subject. Ex: friend = friends
3. A base is any part of a word that you can add inflections to, or that you can add prefixes/suffixes that change the meaning/part of speech. So "walk" is also a base, because it can have inflections (walking) and can be turned into different words (walker is a noun). Walker is also a base, because you can modify it inflectionally (walkers is plural), and because it can have things added to derive new words (dog-walker).
Nama : Regita
ReplyDeleteKelas : C/IV
Nim :16020193
Root
A root is a form which is not further analysable, either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology. It is that part of word-form that remains when all inflectional and derivational affixes have been removed. A root is the basic part always present in a lexeme. In the form ‘untouchables’ the root is ‘touch’, to which first the suffix ‘-able’, then the prefix ‘un-‘ and finally the suffix ‘-s’ have been added. In a compound word like ‘wheelchair’ there are two roots, ‘wheel’ and ‘chair’.
Example:
unhappy, root : happy
Stem
A stem is of concern only when dealing with inflectional morphology.
In the form ‘untouchables’ the stem is ‘untouchable’, although in the form ‘touched’ the stem is ‘touch’; in the form ‘wheelchairs’ the stem is ‘wheelchair’, even though the stem contains two roots.
Example:
Bag (root) – bag(s) = bags (steam)
Play (root) – play(er)(base)+(s) = players (steam)
Base
A base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added. This means that any root or any stem can be termed a base, but the set of bases is not exhausted by the union of the set of roots and the set of stems: a derivationally analysable form to which derivational affixes are added can only be referred to as a base. That is, ‘touchable’ can act as a base for prefixation to give ‘untouchable’, but in this process ‘touchable’ could not be referred to as a root because it is analysable in terms of derivational morphology, nor as a stem since it is not the adding of inflectional affixes which is in question.
Example:
Like (root) + -dis = dislike(base)+ -ed (inflectional suffixes) = disliked( steam).
Nama : Sulis tia ningsih
ReplyDeleteNim : 16020219
Kelas: C/IV
1.Root is a word that does not have a prefix in front of the word or a suffix at the end of the word. The root word is the primary lexical unit of a word , and of a word family (root is then called base word).
=> Example :
chatters has the inflectional root or lemma chatter , but the lexical root chat .
2.Stem is that part of a word that is in existence before any inflectional affixes have been added. Inflection is discussed in section.
=> For example:
Noun stem Plural
Cat -s
Worker -s
3.Base is any unit whatsoever to which affixes of any kind can be added. The affixes attached to a base may be inflectional affixes selected for syntactic reasons or derivational affixes which alter the meaning or grammatical category of the base. An unadorned root like boy can be a base since it can have attached to it inflectional affixes like -s to form the plural boys or derivational affixes like -ish to tum the noun boy into the adjective boyish. In other words, all roots are bases. Bases are called stems only in the context of inflectional morphology.
=> Example :
faith, faithful, booksho
Nama : Winda Hermawati
ReplyDeleteNim : 16020225
Kelas : C/IV
1.) ROOT is the original form of a word, without any affix or can be the root is the base word.
Example:likes,dislike=Like
Like is the root of dislike and likes.
2.) STEM is a word which was given particular affix but does not change the type of word. root is a noun, then stem is a noun if the root adjective then stem adjective.
Example:
Friend:friends(true)
friend is the root form of the noun, the stem that is used is a noun that friends
Friend:friendly(wrong)
friend is a noun while the friendly is an adjective. so dissimilar!
3.) BASE all root and stem is the base but not all base can become root and stem.
determine root and steam.
untouchable:
root:touchable
Stem:untouchable
Because both are adjectives . Remember!root and stem are the words of the same type
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteName : Poppy Ayu Elvandari
DeleteNIM : 16020188
Class : C/IV
#ROOT is the past of a word that can't be changed and when added to creates different forms of the word. And the part of word that still exist after all derivational and infectional afixes is deleted.
Example:
Walking, walker, walked, sidewalk, etc.
#STEM is part of the remaining forms of words when all inflection affixes removed.
Example:
Plays > Play is a stem
Uncomfortables > Uncomfortable is a stem
#BASE are part of the words related to the form of infections and can add prefixes or suffixes.
Example:
Player > Play is a base
Uncomfortable > Comfortable is a base
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteNama : SERLI
ReplyDeleteNim : 16020207
Kelas : C/IV
1. ROOT
What is the root ?? Hearing the root word certainly imagined in our minds that the roots , But we are here to discuss not discuss the said plant. To understand it directly to the examples
likes, dislike, disliked = like
explanation: like is the root of likes, dislike and disliked
That means the root of a word merupakaan original form without any additive.
2. STEM
Steam is a word which was given particular additive but does not change the kind words. For example, the root is a noun then steamnya should be a noun, if the root adjective then steam also adjective .Here
example
friend = friends (right)
explanation: friend is the root form of the noun it stemnya also a noun that friends
friend = user (one)
explanation: friend is friendly whereas the noun is an adjective so dissimilar
3. BASE
All the root and the stem is the base but not all of the base may be the root and stem. example
unfriendly = friend / user / unfriend
explanation: its base bis friend, friendly or unfriend
Name : SRI AYUNINGTIAS
ReplyDeleteNim : 16020215
Class : C/IV
Assalamualaikum Wr. Wb.
1. Root is the original form of word without any affix.
Examples :
Acromony : acro
Carnivrous : carn
Luminary : lum
Ambulant, amble, ambulate : ambul
Multiple, multyfaceted, multilingual : multi
Normality : normal
2. Stem is a word that is affixed does not change the word.
Examples :
Writing : ing ( progressive )
Walked : ed ( suffix )
Unlike : un ( prefix )
3. Base that root and stem are base but not all base can be root and stem.
Examples :
Walk is inflections (walking) and can be turned into different words (walker is a noun). Walker is also a base, because you can modify it inflectionally (walkers is plural), and because it can have things added to derive new words (dog walker).
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteName: Suci Prawiranti
ReplyDeleteNIM: 16020216
Class: C/IV
1. Root is like a stem in constituting but the term refers only to morphologically simple unit.
Example :
Disagree, disagreement : agree
Ambulant, amble, ambulate : ambul
2. Stem is a word which was given particular additive but doesn't change the kind words.
Example :
Bag (root) – bag(s) = bags (steam)
Play (root) – play(er)(base)+(s) = players (steam)
3. Base is any part of a word that you can add inflection to, or that you can add prefixes/suffixes that change the meaning/part of speech.
Example:
“Walk” is also base, because it can have inflection (walking) and can be turned into different word (walker is a noun). Walker is also a base, because you can modify it inflectionally (walker is plural), and because it can have things added to drive new words (dog walker).
Name:pipin alpianti
ReplyDeleteClass:C/IV
Nim:16020187
1.ROOT
What is the root ?? Hearing the root word certainly imagined in our minds that the roots .. But we are here to discuss not discuss the said plant. To understand it directly to the examples
likes, dislike, disliked = like
explanation: like is the root of likes, dislike and disliked
That means the root of a word is original form without any additive.
2. STEM
Steam is a word which was given particular additive but does not change the kind words. For example, the root is a noun then steamnya should be a noun, if the root adjective then steam also adjective .Here
example
friend = friends (right)
explanation: friend is the root form of the noun it stemnya also a noun that friends
friend = user (one)
explanation: friend is friendly whereas the noun is an adjective so dissimilar.
3.BASE
I any unit to which affixes of any kind derivational/lexical affixes can be added. All roots are bases. Bases are called steams only in the context of inflectional morphology.
Example :
Like (root) + -dis = dislike(base)+ -ed (inflectional suffixes) = disliked( steam)
It means that stem ‘disliked’ come from base ‘dislike’.
Nama :Sukmawati Syam
ReplyDeleteNim :16020217
Kelas:IV/C
Root is the term to refer to from of said that can not be subdivide, can not be analysed again, no addition affixes again.
Example:dislike, likes, disliked: like
Like is the root of likes, dislike and dislikes
Stem is part of said before the given additional affixes inflection.
Example :
Friend : friends
Friend is the form of the noun
Base is all the root and the stem is the base but not all of the base may be the root and stem.
Example:
Unfriendly : friend / user / unfriend
Its base can be friend, friendly or unfriendly.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteName:Windari Nurul Pratiwi Sofyan
ReplyDeleteNim:16020226
Class:IV/C
1. Root
A root word is a word or part of a word which can form the basis of new words, through the addition of prefixes and suffixes. Understanding the meanings of common word roots can therefore help you work out the meanings of new words when you come across them.
Examples:
React, reaction, acting = act
Automatic, autocrat = auto
Benefactor, benevolent = bene
Reject, eject, inject = ject
2. Stem
A stem is of concern only when dealing with inflectional morphology.
Examples:
In the form ‘untouchables’ the stem is ‘untouchable’, although in the form ‘touched’ the stem is ‘touch’; in the form ‘wheelchairs’ the stem is ‘wheelchair’, even though the stem contains two roots.
3. Base
A base is the form of a word to which prefixes and suffixes can be added to create new words.
Example:
Instruct is the base for forming instruction, instructor, and reinstruct. Also called a root or stem.
Name:Umi kalsum
ReplyDeleteNim:16020224
Class:IV/C
1. Root
A root is the part of a word that cannot be changed, and when added to creates different forms of the word:
Examples:
1. "Walk" is a root, and can be changed in many ways: walking, walked, walker, walkie-talkie, sidewalk, walk-light, walks etc. You will never have a word related to walking where the "walk" part gets changed, so it is a root.
2. complete, replete, expletive: these all have the root "plete", which happens to not be a word on its own.
2. Stem
A stem is the form of a word that inflections get added onto. Most of the time this will be the root.
Examples:
understandables, the stem is understandable
Walked, the stem is walk.
3. Base
A base is any part of a word that you can add inflections to, or that you can add prefixes/suffixes that change the meaning/part of speech.
Example:
"walk" is also a base, because it can have inflections (walking) and can be turned into different words (walker is a noun).
Name:Rosdiana
ReplyDeleteNim:16020201
Class: IV/C
1. Root
Root is the irreducible core of a word, with absolutely nothing else attached to it. Roots can be free morpheme or a word element which the other new words grow, usually through addition prefixes and suffixes.
Example : unhappy, root : happy.
2. Steam
Steam is a word element to which grammatical or inflectional suffixes can be added. Every word that end with inflectional suffixes, we called it ‘steam’.
Example:
Bag (root) – bag(s) = bags (steam)
Play (root) – play(er)(base)+(s) = players (steam)
3. Base
Base I any unit to which affixes of any kind derivational/lexical affixes can be added. All roots are bases. Bases are called steams only in the context of inflectional morphology.
Example :
Like (root) + -dis = dislike(base)+ -ed (inflectional suffixes) = disliked( steam)
It means that stem ‘disliked’ come from base ‘dislike’
Name:Siska Mira Ria
ReplyDeleteClass:IV/C
1. Root
A root is the irreducible core of a word, with absolutely nothing else attached to it. It is the part that is always present, possibly with some modification, in the various manifestations of a lexeme.
Example:
walk is a root and it appears in the set of word-forms that instantiate the lexeme WALK such as walk, walks, walking.
2. Stem
The stem is that part of a word that is in existence before any inflectional affixes have been added. Inflection is discussed in section.
Example:
The verbs tie and untie are both stems.
The inflectional third person singular suffix -s may be added to the stems to form ties and unties.
3. Base
A base is any unit whatsoever to which affixes of any kind can be added. The affixes attached to a base may be inflectional affixes selected for syntactic reasons or derivational affixewhichltealter meaning or grammatical category of the base.
Example:
"walk" is also a base, because it can have inflections (walking) and can be turned into different words (walker is a noun). Walker is also a base, because you can modify it inflectionally (walkers is plural), and because it can have things added to derive new words (dog-walker).
Name:Tomy setiawan
ReplyDeleteNim :16020223
Class : IV/C
A root is the part of a word that cannot be changed, and when added to creates different forms of the word:
"Walk" is a root, and can be changed in many ways: walking, walked, walker, walkie-talkie, sidewalk, walk-light, walks etc. You will never have a word related to walking where the "walk" part gets changed, so it is a root.
A stem is the form of a word that inflections get added onto. Most of the time this will be the root. "Walk" is the form that all the inflections (grammar-affecting changes) gets added to, when you add ~ing to it, it turns into a progressive verb or a gerund.
A base is any part of a word that you can add inflections to, or that you can add prefixes/suffixes that change the meaning/part of speech.
Example:
walk" is also a base, because it can have inflections (walking) and can be turned into different words (walker is a noun).
Name: RIFKI
ReplyDeleteMIN : 16020198
Class : C / IV
1.Root is part of the words related to the form of derivational and inflectional. Root can be changed and analyze more.
Example:
"Account"
can be changed in many ways:
accounts,accounting,accounterments,accounted,accountant,accountany,accountable and accontability.
2.Stem is part of the words related to form of inflection. Stem can be complex word and consists of two roots.
Example:
"Accounted"
-accont=root
-ed=stem
3.Bases are part of the words related to the form of inflections and can add prefixes or suffixes. Not all bases can be a root, but root can be bases and stem.
Example:
"Accounted"=base of unaccounted
Name : Kiki Nurul Safitri
ReplyDeleteNim : 16020162
Steam, Base, and Root
1.Root
Root is the irreducible core of a word, with absolutely nothing else attached to it. Roots can be free morpheme or a word element which the other new words grow, usually through addition prefixes and suffixes.
Example : unhappy, root : happy.
2.Steam
Steam is a word element to which grammatical or inflectional suffixes can be added. Every word that end with inflectional suffixes, we called it ‘steam’.
Inflectional suffixes :
–s (plural)
–s (possessive)
–s (third singular person)
–ed (past tense)
–en (past participle)
–ing (present participle)
–er (comparative)
–est (superlative)
Example :
Bag (root) – bag(s) = bags (steam)
Play (root) – play(er)(base)+(s) = players (steam)
3.Base
Base I any unit to which affixes of any kind derivational/lexical affixes can be added. All roots are bases. Bases are called steams only in the context of inflectional morphology.
Example :
Like (root) + -dis = dislike(base)+ -ed (inflectional suffixes) = disliked( steam)
It means that stem ‘disliked’ come from base ‘dislike’
Affixes
Affixes is a morpheme (bound morpheme) which only occurs when attached to some other morphemes such as a root, steam or base. There are three kinds of affixes which are as follow :
Prefix is an affix attached before a root, steam or base, like : re-,un-, -in, etc.
Suffixe is an affix attached after a root, steam, base, like : -ly, -er, -ist, -s, -ing, and –ed.
Infix ia an affix inserted into the root itself.
Example :
Write(root)+ (re-) = rewrite(base)+ (-e
Name : sulastri wijayanti
ReplyDeleteNim. : 16020218
Class : C/VI
A root is the part of a word that cannot be changed, and when added to creates different forms of the word:
"Walk" is a root, and can be changed in many ways: walking, walked, walker, walkie-talkie, sidewalk, walk-light, walks etc. You will never have a word related to walking where the "walk" part gets changed, so it is a root.
Most of the time the root forms a word on its own, but sometimes they do not.
complete, replete, expletive: these all have the root "plete", which happens to not be a word on its own.
A stem is the form of a word that inflections get added onto. Most of the time this will be the root. "Walk" is the form that all the inflections (grammar-affecting changes) gets added to, when you add ~ing to it, it turns into a progressive verb or a gerund. ~ed turns it perfect. ~s makes it a plural noun, or makes it agree with a singular subject.
A base is any part of a word that you can add inflections to, or that you can add prefixes/suffixes that change the meaning/part of speech. So "walk" is also a base, because it can have inflections (walking) and can be turned into different words (walker is a noun). Walker is also a base, because you can modify it inflectionally (walkers is plural), and because it can have things added to derive new words (dog-walker).
Name :Muh.Yakub Lubis
ReplyDeleteNim :16020173
Class:B/IV
1.) ROOT is the original form of a word, without any affix or can be the root is the base word.
Example:likes,dislike=Like
Like is the root of dislike and likes.
2.) STEM is a word which was given particular affix but does not change the type of word. root is a noun, then stem is a noun if the root adjective then stem adjective.
Example:
Friend:friends(true)
friend is the root form of the noun, the stem that is used is a noun that friends
Friend:friendly(wrong)
friend is a noun while the friendly is an adjective. so dissimilar!
3.) BASE all root and stem is the base but not all base can become root and stem.
determine root and steam.
untouchable:
root:touchable
Stem:untouchable
Because both are adjectives . Remember!root and stem are the words of the same type
Nama : serli lusianti
ReplyDeleteKelas : IV/C
Nim : 16020208
1.) ROOT is the original form of a word, without any affix or can be the root is the base word.
Example:likes,dislike=Like
Like is the root of dislike and likes.
2.) STEM is a word which was given particular affix but does not change the type of word. root is a noun, then stem is a noun if the root adjective then stem adjective.
Example:
Friend:friends(true)
friend is the root form of the noun, the stem that is used is a noun that friends
Friend:friendly(wrong)
friend is a noun while the friendly is an adjective. so dissimilar!
3.) BASE all root and stem is the base but not all base can become root and stem.
determine root and steam.
untouchable:
root:touchable
Stem:untouchable
Because both are adjectives . Remember!root and stem are the words of the same type
Reply
Nama : serli lusianti
ReplyDeleteKelas : IV/C
Nim : 16020208
1.) ROOT is the original form of a word, without any affix or can be the root is the base word.
Example:likes,dislike=Like
Like is the root of dislike and likes.
2.) STEM is a word which was given particular affix but does not change the type of word. root is a noun, then stem is a noun if the root adjective then stem adjective.
Example:
Friend:friends(true)
friend is the root form of the noun, the stem that is used is a noun that friends
Friend:friendly(wrong)
friend is a noun while the friendly is an adjective. so dissimilar!
3.) BASE all root and stem is the base but not all base can become root and stem.
determine root and steam.
untouchable:
root:touchable
Stem:untouchable
Because both are adjectives . Remember!root and stem are the words of the same type
Reply
NAME : DESRIANY
ReplyDeleteNIM : 16020128
CLASS: A
ROOT
Root is the smallest meaning part of a word
Example: dis[like] and dis[like]d, like is the root of dislike and disliked
STEAM
Steam is a word which was given particular additive but does not change the kind words. For example, the root is a noun then steamnya should be a noun, if the root adjective then steam also adjective .Here
example
friend = friends (right)
explanation: friend is the root form of the noun it stemnya also a noun that friends
friend = user (one)
explanation: friend is friendly whereas the noun is an adjective so dissimilar
BASE
All the root and the stem is the base but not all of the base may be the root and stem. example
unfriendly = friend / user / unfriend
explanation: its base bis friend, friendly or unfriend
Reply
Nama : Andi nurfadillah putri
ReplyDeleteNim : 16020115
Kelas: A/IV
1. ROOTT
root is the original form of a word without any increment.
likes, dislike, disliked = like
explanation: like is the root of likes, dislike and disliked.
2. STEM
Stem is a word given a certain affix but does not change the type of word. For example root is a noun then steam should be a noun, if root adjectives then steam is also an adjective
example :
friend = friends (true)
explanation: friend is root in the form of a noun then the stem is also a noun that is friends
friend = friendly (wrong)
explanation: friend is a noun whereas friendly is an adjective so it is not the same
3. BASE
All root and stem are base but not all base can be root and stem. example
unfriendly = friend / friendly / unfriend
explanation: its base can be friend, friendly or unfriend
>>> The example specifies the root and stem of a base, for example
Determine the root and steam of the word UNTOUCHABLE !!!
Discussion:
root = touchable
stem = untouchable
reason: because both are adjectives, remember root and steam are words of the same type.
Ayu Rahmah Susanti
ReplyDeleteNim:16020123
Class:A/IV
Root is part of the words related to the form of derivational and inflectional.Root can be change and analyze more.
Example:Likes,dislike,disliked,like
Stem is part of the words related to the form of infkection.Stem can be complex word and consist two roots.
Example:bag(root)bag(s)=(stem)
Bases are part of the words related to the form of inflection and can add preffix or suffixer.
Example: unfriendly / friend / friendly / unfriend
Name: Fira Nadia Aulia
ReplyDeleteClass: IV/A
ID number: 16020137
The explanation above that telling us about term that used in literatur to show the part of word that has left when all affixes is missed, which are root, stem, and bases.
A root is like a stem in constituting the core of the word to which other pieces attach, but the term refers only to morphologically simple units. For example, disagree is the stem of disagreement, because it is the base to which -ment attaches, but agree is the root. Taking disagree now, agree is both the stem to which dis- attaches and the root of the entire word.
STEM
A stem is a base unit to which another morphological piece is attached. The stem can be simple, made up of only one part, or complex, itself made up of more than one piece. Here it is best to consider consider a simple stem. Although it consists historically of more than one part, most present-day speakers would treat it as an unanalyzable form. We could also call consider the root.
BASE
A base is any unit whatsoever to which affixes of any kind can be added. The affixes attached to a base may be inflectional affixes selected for syntactic reasons or derivational affixes which alter the meaning or grammatical category of the base. An unadorned root like boy can be a base since it can have attached to it inflectional affixes like -s to form the plural boys or derivational affixes like -ish to tum the noun boy into the adjective boyish. In other words, all roots are bases. Bases are called stems only in the context of inflectional morphology.
In Morphological Analysis we extract the root word and add additional information like tense aspects and modality. But, in most of the applications we do not require so much information. So, we resolve to some lighter applications a lemmatizer or a stemmer. A lemmatizer would remove the infections (in your case affixes) and would give you a proper word while a stemmer may remove the affixes and would not provide you with a proper word. For example, lets take a word 'features'. A lemmatizer would give you 'feature' (a complete word making some sense, this called a lemma) while a stemmer may give you 'featur '. it might seem that lemmatizers are more useful then stemmers, but it is not true. It depends what you wish to achieve, what are you developing.
ReplyDeleteSo, in morphological analysis you get root + affixes, a lemmatizer gives you a complete word making sense (lemma) which removes affixes and add some info to make it a proper dictionary word. A stemmer gives you a stem (after removing affixes) which may or may not resort to a dictionary word.
Nyoman Indah Artini (170220050)
DeleteIn Morphological Analysis we extract the root word and add additional information like tense aspects and modality. But, in most of the applications we do not require so much information. So, we resolve to some lighter applications a lemmatizer or a stemmer. A lemmatizer would remove the infections (in your case affixes) and would give you a proper word while a stemmer may remove the affixes and would not provide you with a proper word. For example, lets take a word 'features'. A lemmatizer would give you 'feature' (a complete word making some sense, this called a lemma) while a stemmer may give you 'featur '. it might seem that lemmatizers are more useful then stemmers, but it is not true. It depends what you wish to achieve, what are you developing.
So, in morphological analysis you get root + affixes, a lemmatizer gives you a complete word making sense (lemma) which removes affixes and add some info to make it a proper dictionary word. A stemmer gives you a stem (after removing affixes) which may or may not resort to a dictionary word.
Name : Risky Ayu Cahyani
ReplyDeleteSIN : 180220160
Class : IV/A
1. ROOT
Root is the original form of a word without any affixes. Example:
likes, dislike, disliked = like
explanation: like is the root of likes, dislike and disliked
2. STEM
Steam is a word given a certain affix but does not change the type of word. For example, root is a noun, steam must be a noun, if root is an adjective, steam is also an adjective. Example
friend = friends (right)
Explanation: friend is root in the form of a noun, the stem is also a noun, friends
friend = friendly (wrong)
explanation: friend is a noun while friendly is an adjective so it's not the same
3. BASE
All root and stem are base but not all base can be root and stem. example
unfriendly = friend / friendly / unfriend
explanation: the base is bus friend, friendly or unfriend
>>> Examples determine the root and stem of a base, for example
Determine the root and steam of the word UNTOUCHABLE !!!
Answer:
root = touchable
stem = untouchable
reason: because both are adjectives
Amelia Sulistiani
ReplyDelete180210086
Class A
1. Root
Root is the irreducible core of a word, with absolutely nothing else attached to it. Roots can be free morphemes and bound morphemes. Roots which are capable of standing independently are free morphemes while bound morphemes are roots which are incapable of occurring in isolation (Katamba, 1994: 41). The free morphemes include lexical morphemes and function words. Nouns, adjectives, verbs, prepositions and adverbs are parts of lexical morphemes, and articles, demonstratives, pronouns and conjunctions are parts of function words. Although roots can be free morphemes, not all roots are free. Thus, the kinds of roots incapable of occurring in isolation are called bound morphemes. In English, the example of the morphemes is latinate affixes like -mit (as in permit, remit, commit, admit), -ceive (as in perceive, receive, conceive), pred- (as in predator, predatory, predation, depredate) and sed- (as in sedan, sedate, sedentary, sediment).
2.Stems
Stem is part of word that is in existence before any inflectional affixes.
Example: cats -> stem : cat, inflectional affix: -s workers -> stem: worker, inflectional: -s E Bases
3. Base
is any unit whatsoever to which affixes of any kind, inflectional affixes and derivational affixes, can be added. All roots are bases. Bases are called stems only in the context of inflectional morphology.
Example: Boys-> root: boy, stem: boy, base:boy, inflectional affix: -s
Name : Iis Istiqomah
ReplyDeleteNim : 180210114
Class : A/IV
-Definition Root
A root is that part of the word which remains after all the affixes have been removed. A root in other words, cannot be analyzed further either in terms of inflectional or in terms of derivational morphology. Examples:
Words Roots
cigarettes cigar
A root cannot be further analyzed without total loss of identity. As shown above, a root is that part of the word left when all the affixes are removed.
-Definition Stem
A stem is that part of a word which remains after all the inflexional affixes have been taken away. A stem cannot be analyzed in terms of inflexional affixes but it can in many cases be analyzed in terms of derivational affixes. Below are some examples of stems.
Words Stems
cigarettes cigarette
-Definition Base
Base word is the word to which a morphological operation applies. It is any form to which an affix of any kind has been added. Below are some examples:
Cigar is root and base for cigarette and cigarette is the base for cigarettes.
Name : Mayang Aprilya
ReplyDeleteNim : 180230131
IV/B
- Root ( Akar )
• Root is the part of word that still exist after all derivational and inflectional afixes is deleted .
• Root is the form that can’t analyzed more are there in derivational or inflection term .
- Stem ( Batang )
• Stem is the form of a word that unflections get added onto .
- Base ( Dasar )
• Base is any part of a word that you can add inflection to or that you can add prefixes/suffixes that change the meaning/part of speech
Example :
Wached -> ( Watch )
It is root , stem and also base
Unforgetable -> ( forgetable )
It is base , and not of root or stem
Memorizing -> ( Memorize )
It is root , stem and also base
Cooks -> ( Cook ) for 3rd singular person
It is root , stem and also base
Computerparts -> ( Computerpart )
It is stem and base but not of root
Reproduced -> ( Reproduce )
It is stem and root but not of root
Name: Ayu Angraeni
ReplyDeleteClass : A/IV
NIM : 180220100
A root is the irreducible core of a word, with absolutely nothing else attached to it. It is the part that is always present, possibly with some modification, in the various manifestations of a lexeme. For example, walk is a root and it appears in the set of word-forms that instantiate the lexeme WALK such as walk, walks, walking and walked. The only situation where this is not true is when suppletion takes place.
The stem is that part of a word that is in existence before any inflectional affixes have been added. Inflection is discussed in section. For example:
Noun stem Plural
Cat -s
Worker -s
For the moment a few examples should suffice: In the word-form cats, the plural inflectional suffix -s is attached to the simple stem cat, which is a bare root, i.e. the irreducible core of the word. In workers the same inflectional -s suffix comes after a slightly more complex stem consisting of the root work plus the suffix -er which is used to form nouns from verbs.
A base is any unit whatsoever to which affixes of any kind can be added. The affixes attached to a base may be inflectional affixes selected for syntactic reasons or derivational affixes which alter the meaning or grammatical category of the base. An unadorned root like boy can be a base since it can have attached to it inflectional affixes like -s to form the plural boys or derivational affixes like -ish to tum the noun boy into the adjective boyish. In other words, all roots are bases. Bases are called stems only in the context of inflectional morphology. Example: faith, faithful, booksho.
Name : Eka Safitri
ReplyDeleteNim : 180210107
Clas : A/IV
1.ROOT
Root is the original form of a word without any affix.
Example
Likes, dislike, disliked= like
Explanation:Like is the root of likes, dislike and disliked
2.STEM
Steam is a word given a certain affix but does not change the type of word. For example root is a noun then steam must be a noun, if root is an adjective then steam is also an adjective
example
friend = friends (right)
Explanation: friend is root in the form of a noun, the stem is also a noun, friends
friend = friendly (wrong)
explanation: friend is a noun while friendly is an adjective so it's not the same
3.BASE
Base is the form that forms the basic of the morphological process, where affixes can be added, both inflectional and derivational affiex. All root and stem are base but not all base can be root and stem.
Example
unfriendly = friend / friendly / unfriend
explanation: the base is bus friend, friendly or unfriend
Determine the root and steam of the word
Unforgetable
Root : Forgetable
Steam: Unforgetable
Reason:Because both are adjectives, remember root and steam are words of the same type.
Name : Eka Safitri
ReplyDeleteNim : 180210107
Clas : A/IV
1.ROOT
Root is the original form of a word without any affix.
Example
Likes, dislike, disliked= like
Explanation:Like is the root of likes, dislike and disliked
2.STEM
Steam is a word given a certain affix but does not change the type of word. For example root is a noun then steam must be a noun, if root is an adjective then steam is also an adjective
example
friend = friends (right)
Explanation: friend is root in the form of a noun, the stem is also a noun, friends
friend = friendly (wrong)
explanation: friend is a noun while friendly is an adjective so it's not the same
3.BASE
Base is the form that forms the basic of the morphological process, where affixes can be added, both inflectional and derivational affiex. All root and stem are base but not all base can be root and stem.
Example
unfriendly = friend / friendly / unfriend
explanation: the base is bus friend, friendly or unfriend
Determine the root and steam of the word
Unforgetable
Root : Forgetable
Steam: Unforgetable
Reason:Because both are adjectives, remember root and steam are words of the same type.
Name : Rina Angriani
ReplyDeleteNIM : 180220157
Class : A/IV
1. Root
Root is the irreducible core of a word, with absolutely nothing else attached to it.root is the original form of a word without any affixes.
For example : bag -> bags (bag is the root which is the root of the bags)
2.stem
Stem is the form of a word that inflections get added onto. stem is a form of words that only relates to inflection.
For example : smallest - (small) it is root and also stem
A note. if the root is an adjective the stem is also an adjective.
3. Base
Base is any part of a word that you can add inflection to or that you can add prefixes/suffixes that change the meaning/part of speech.
For example : adjusted (base) of unadjusted
Examples of words that include root, stem, and bases, namely:
Play (Root)
Player (base)
Players (stem)
Name: Silvi khaerunnisa
ReplyDeleteNim: 180230166
Class: B/IV
1.ROOT
meaning root is the original form of a word without any affix.
2. STEM
Steam is a word given a certain affix but does not change the type of word. For example, root is a noun, steam must be a noun, if root is an adjective, steam is also an adjective.
3.BASE
All root and stem are base but not all base can be root and stem.
Example:
Play (Root)
Player (base)
Players (stem)
Name : Yuliana
ReplyDeleteNim. : 180230183
Class: IV B
# root
Root is the part of word that still exist after all derivational and inflectional afixes is deleted.
Example :
:likes, dislike, disliked = like
explanation: like is the root of likes, dislike and disliked
# stem
Stem is the form of a word that inflectional get added into consist of two roots.
Example :
friend = friends (right)
explanation: friend is the root form of the noun it stemnya also a noun that friends
# Base
Base is any part of a word that you can add inflectional to or that you can add prefix/saffix that part of speech
Example :
unfriendly = friend / user / unfriend
explanation: its base bis friend, friendly or unfriend
Name:arlian afsari
ReplyDeleteClass: B/IV
NIM: 180230095
- Root ( Akar )
• Root is the part of word that still exist after all derivational and inflectional afixes is deleted .
• Root is the form that can’t analyzed more are there in derivational or inflection term .
- Stem ( Batang )
• Stem is the form of a word that unflections get added onto .
- Base ( Dasar )
• Base is any part of a word that you can add inflection to or that you can add prefixes/suffixes that change the meaning/part of speech
Example
Unsystematic -> systematic
It is only ase not root and stem
Absolutely -> absolute
It is root and ase but not stem
Disliked -> dislike
It is stem and base but not root
Name : Sri Mitha Fitriani
ReplyDeleteNIM : 180220170
Class : A/IV
Taken from: Bauer, Laurie (1983:20-21): English word-formation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
‘Root’, ‘stem’ and ‘base’ are all terms used in the literature to designate that part of a word that remains when all affixes have been removed.
-A root is a form which is not further analysable, either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology. It is that part of word-form that remains when all inflectional and derivational affixes have been removed. A root is the basic part always present in a lexeme. In the form ‘untouchables’ the root is ‘touch’, to which first the suffix ‘-able’, then the prefix ‘un-‘ and finally the suffix ‘-s’ have been added. In a compound word like ‘wheelchair’ there are two roots, ‘wheel’ and ‘chair’.
-A stem is of concern only when dealing with inflectional morphology.
In the form ‘untouchables’ the stem is ‘untouchable’, although in the form ‘touched’ the stem is ‘touch’; in the form ‘wheelchairs’ the stem is ‘wheelchair’, even though the stem contains two roots.
-A base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added. This means that any root or any stem can be termed a base, but the set of bases is not exhausted by the union of the set of roots and the set of stems: a derivationally analysable form to which derivational affixes are added can only be referred to as a base. That is, ‘touchable’ can act as a base for prefixation to give ‘untouchable’, but in this process ‘touchable’ could not be referred to as a root because it is analysable in terms of derivational morphology, nor as a stem since it is not the adding of inflectional affixes which is in question.
Name : Nadya sasqiyah Shafira
ReplyDeleteNim : 180220141
Class : 4/a
1. root
Is it root? To hear root is going to conjure up in our minds, roots. But we're here to talk about words, not plants. He likes it in person, likes, likes
Like is the root of likes, dislikes and hobbies that means root represents the original form of a word without a pound of anything
2. stem
Steam is a word which appears to be given a particular strain but doesn't change the type of word. For example, root isa noun, then the steak has to be a noun, if root adjective, then steam is also a adjective
Examples of her friend
The explanation: friend is a root with a noun. So the stamp is also a noun. Which is friends friend friendly.
Explanation: friend is a noun and friendly is an adjective, so it's not like
3. base
All root and stem are bases but not all bases can be root and stem. Consider consider consider friend. Friendly
Explanation: the base
Name : Nurul Hafifah
ReplyDeleteNim : 180210153
Class : IV/A
Bases, stems, and roots are the main components of words, just like cells, atoms, and protons are the main components of matter.
In linguistics, the words "roots" is the core of the word. It is the morpheme that comprises the most important part of the word. It is also the primary unit of the family of the same word. Keep in mind that the root is mono-morphemic, or made of just one "chunk", or morpheme. Without the root, the word would not have any meaning. If you take the root away, all that you have left is affixes either before or after it. Such affixes do not have a lexical meaning on their own.
An example of a root is the word "act".
Now let's look at what is a stem and a base and apply them to the root "act" so that you can see how they differ and interconnect to transform a lexical word altogether.
The stem occurs after affixes have been added to the root, for example:
Re-act
Re-act-ion
Hence a stem is a form to which affixes (prefixes or suffixes) have been added. It is important to differentiate it from a root, because the root alone cannot be applied in discourse, whereas the stem exists precisely to be applied to discourse.
A base is the same as a root except that the root has no lexical meaning while the base does: "to act" is the infinitive of "act" and is structured with the base "act". In many words in our language, a word can be all three: root, base, and stem: "deer". The difference in their names lies on the way that they are applied during discourse (stem, base) and whether, on their own, they have any lexical meaning (stem, base) or no lexical meaning whatsoever (root).
An example of root, base and stem joined together is the word "refrigerator"
Latin root frīgerāre --> root; no meaning in English on its own; requires a change in spelling to affix suffixes
refrigerāre --> Latin prefix + root, with no meaning in English of its own yet
re- + friger + -ate + -tor--> prefix + root + suffixes that now produce lexical meaning = stem; spelling changes are required for suffixes.
Name : Hadirawati
ReplyDeleteNIM : 180210111
Class : A/IV
Based on the materials about root and steam , I can conclude that :
Root is the irreducible of a word with absolutely nothing else attached to it . Roots can be free morpheme or a word element which the other new words grow , usually through addition prefixes and suffixes.
Example : unhappy , root : happy
Steam is a word elementh to which grammatical or inflectional suffixes can be added . Every word that end with inflectional suffixes , we called it 'steam'
Example :
Bag (root)-bag(s) = bags (steam)
Play (root)-play(er)(base)+(s)=players(steam)
Based on the explanation in class, what can i get is ;
ReplyDeleteROOT is the original form of word without any affixes. (Example : kick)
STEM is the condition when a word has given a certain affixes but can called as STEM only if the inplectional affixes has eliminated (Example : kicking -> kick)
BASE is a form of word that can add affixes to, whether it's derivational and inflectional. Therefore it can change the meaning or the part of speech (Example : kicker)
•A root is the part of a word that cannot be changed, and when added to creates different forms of the word:
ReplyDelete"Walk" is a root, and can be changed in many ways: walking, walked, walker, walkie-talkie, sidewalk, walk-light, walks etc. You will never have a word related to walking where the "walk" part gets changed, so it is a root.
Most of the time the root forms a word on its own, but sometimes they do not.
complete, replete, expletive: these all have the root "plete", which happens to not be a word on its own. (In highly inflected dlanguages such as Latin, a root is almost never a word.)
•A stem is the form of a word that inflections get added onto. Most of the time this will be the root. "Walk" is the form that all the inflections (grammar-affecting changes) gets added to, when you add ~ing to it, it turns into a progressive verb or a gerund. ~ed turns it perfect. ~s makes it a plural noun, or makes it agree with a singular subject.
•A base is any part of a word that you can add inflections to, or that you can add prefixes/suffixes that change the meaning/part of speech. So "walk" is also a base, because it can have inflections (walking) and can be turned into different words (walker is a noun). Walker is also a base, because you can modify it inflectionally (walkers is plural), and because it can have things added to derive new words (dog-walker).
So all roots are bases because they are the smallest chunk that stays the same despite additions.
Not all bases are roots though, because sometimes the root+inflection or root+derivation goes on to take additional changes. (Walker is a base, but the root is still walk).
Stems are just bases when you are talking about inflectional changes (-ed, -ing, -s, etc.).
Name: Fesi Anggraeni
ReplyDeleteNIS : 180220109
Class : A/IV
1. Root morfem
root is a term for saying forms that are no longer dible, can't be analyzed, no more definite addition of prefix. These roots have always existed, although in various forms modified an leshem. Examples; Walk, being rootless, can emerge with forms of words, such as: walks, walking, walked.
The form of words representing the same morfem does not necessarily have the same morfem root. , for example: forms of good and better are the same lechaeum good, but only good are phonetically good equals good.
A lot of words have very independent roots. Independent roots are called free morphem.
example: -man -book -tea -sweet
2.Stem
means part of the word prior to being given an inflexible affinity affinity extra.
example:
- cat (-s)
- worker (-s)
In the form of the word cats, the inflexion is added to the stem of cat, which is also a root. On the form of the word workers, inflexible sufics added to worker. Worker is stem, while work is root.
3. base
base is the form that forms the basis for morphology, where afyx can be added; Both inflexable and derivational affixes. In other words, all root is also base.Root, base, stem and fringe identification below:
e.g: faiths frogmarched
Faithfully bookshops
Unfaithful window-cleaners
Faithfulness hardships
e.g: Afiks Afiks Root Stem Base
Inflesional Derivasiona
-ed un- faith faith faith
-s -ful frog forgmarch frogmarch
-ly march bookshop frogmarch
-er clean windowcleaner bookshop
-ness hard hardship window-clean
-ship window window-cleaner
hardship
The above example suggests that it is quite possible to form a single word by adding afyx to a root or two. An example of two words frog and march combined into a base or stem, frog-march, and even plated. Similar, Windows and clean could be combined to form bases, Windows -clean, surfacing deriv-cleaner could be added to Windows -cleaner, so it came back to window-cleaner, and could be added to window-cleaners. The word containing more than one root is called compound word.
Name:Marhani
ReplyDeleteNim:180220128
class:IV(A)
1.Root
Root is the irreducible core of a word, with absolutely nothing else attached to it. Roots can be free morpheme or a word element which the other new words grow, usually through addition prefixes and suffixes.
Example : unhappy, root : happy.
2.Steam
Steam is a word element to which grammatical or inflectional suffixes can be added. Every word that end with inflectional suffixes, we called it ‘steam’.
Inflectional suffixes :
–s (plural)
–s (possessive)
–s (third singular person)
–ed (past tense)
–en (past participle)
–ing (present participle)
–er (comparative)
–est (superlative)
Example :
Bag (root) – bag(s) = bags (steam)
Play (root) – play(er)(base)+(s) = players (steam)
3.Base
Base I any unit to which affixes of any kind derivational/lexical affixes can be added. All roots are bases. Bases are called steams only in the context of inflectional morphology.
Example :
Like (root) + -dis = dislike(base)+ -ed (inflectional suffixes) = disliked( steam)
It means that stem ‘disliked’ come from base ‘dislike’
Affixes
Affixes is a morpheme (bound morpheme) which only occurs when attached to some other morphemes such as a root, steam or base. There are three kinds of affixes which are as follow :
Prefix is an affix attached before a root, steam or base, like : re-,un-, -in, etc.
Suffixe is an affix attached after a root, steam, base, like : -ly, -er, -ist, -s, -ing, and –ed.
Infix ia an affix inserted into the root itself.
Example :
Write(root)+ (re-) = rewrite(base)+ (-ed) = rewrited (steam)
1. Root is a word or word element (in other words, a morpheme) from which other words grow, usually through the addition of prefixes and suffixes. ... This simply means that a root is a word part that means something. It is a group of letters with meaning. an example allows, disallow, disallowed = allow explanation: allow is the root of allows, disallow and disallowed That means root is the original form of a word without any affix.
ReplyDelete2. STEM Steam is a word given a certain affix but does not change the type of word. For example root is a noun then steam must be a noun, if root is an adjective then steam is also an adjective example clothe =clothes (right) Explanation: clothe is root in the form of a noun, the stem is also a noun, = Clothier (wrong) explanation: friend is a noun while friendly is an adjective so it's not the same
3. BASE All root and stem are base but not all base can be root and stem. Examples determine the root and stem of a base, for example Determine the root and steam of the word UNAFRAID!!! Discussion: root = Afraid stem = untafraid reason: because both are adjectives, remember root and steam are words of the same type.
Name: Nurhildayani
ReplyDeleteNIM: 180230150
Class: B/semester 4
Root, Hearing the root word certainly imagined in our minds that the roots .. But we are here to discuss not discuss the said plant. To understand it directly to the examples
likes, dislike, disliked = like
explanation: like is the root of likes, dislike and disliked
That means the root of a word is original form without any additive.
2. STEM
Steam is a word which was given particular additive but does not change the kind words. For example, the root is a noun then steamnya should be a noun, if the root adjective then steam also adjective .Here
example
friend = friends (right)
explanation: friend is the root form of the noun it stemnya also a noun that friends
friend = user (one)
explanation: friend is friendly whereas the noun is an adjective so dissimilar
3. BASE
All the root and the stem is the base but not all of the base may be the root and stem. example
unfriendly = friend / user / unfriend
explanation: its base bis friend, friendly or unfriend
>>> Example of determining the root and stem of a base, for example
Determine the root and the steam from the word untouchable !!!
discussion:
root = Touchable
stem = untouchable
reason: as both an adjective, remember it root and steam are the words of the same type.
Name : Marwa Nurawalia
ReplyDeleteSin : 180220130
Class/Sem : A / 4
1. Root
Root is the irreducible core of a word, with absolutely nothing else attached to it. Roots can be free morpheme or a word element which the other new words grow, usually through addition prefixes and suffixes.
e.g
Likes , dislike , disliked = Like
Penjelasan : Like adalah akar dari likes , dislike dan disliked
unhappy, root : happy
2. Steam
Steam is a word element to which grammatical or inflectional suffixes can be added. Every word that end with inflectional suffixes, we called it ‘steam’.
e.g
Friend = friends (benar)
penjelasan : friend adalah root yang berupa kata benda maka stemnya juga kata benda yaitu friends
Friend = friendly (salah)
penjelasan : friend adalah kata benda sedangkan friendly adalah kata sifat jadi tidak sejenis
Bag (root) – bag(s) = bags (steam)
Play (root) – play(er)(base)+(s) = players (steam)
3. Base
Base I any unit to which affixes of any kind derivational/lexical affixes can be added. All roots are bases. Bases are called steams only in the context of inflectional morphology.
e.g
Unfriendly = friend / friendly / unfriend
Penjelasan : base nya bisa friend , friendly ataupun unfriend
Like (root) + -dis = dislike(base)+ -ed (inflectional suffixes) = disliked( steam)
It means that stem ‘disliked’ come from base ‘dislike’
Menentukan root dan stem dari suatu base
e.g
UNTOUCHABLE
Pembahasan :
root = touchable
stem = untouchable
Alasan : karena keduanya merupakan kata sifat
Write(root)+ (re-) = rewrite(base)+ (-ed) = rewrited (steam)
NAME : SITI IRMA
ReplyDeleteSIN : 180210168
CLASS: A/IV
1. Root
Root is a term to refer to the form of words that can not be divided again, can not be analyzed again, no additional additions. This root is always there, although in the form of various modifications to a lexeme.
Example
walk: is the root, it can appear in the form of words, such as: walks, walking, walking.
2. Stem
Stems are parts of words before they are added with inflectional affixes. See an example;
Plural noun base :
* Cat -s
* Worker
In the form of the word cats, inflectional suffixes are added to the base of the cat, which is also the root. In the worker word form, inflectional suffixes (plural markers) are added to workers. Worker is stem (base), while work is root.
3. Base
Base is the form that forms the basis of the morphological process, where affixes can be added; both inflectional and derivational affixes. In other words that all root is also base.
Example :
1. Like (root) + -dis = dislike(base)+ -ed (inflectional suffixes) = disliked( steam)
It means that stem ‘disliked’ come from base ‘dislike’
2. breakable
breakable is a base of unbreakable
-Breakable is not root because can be analyzed by derivatiobal affix ( break +able).
-breakable is not stem because not add by inflectional affix but derivational namely, able.