Struktur
Hirarkis Kata-kata
Carolyn Mc.
Manis dkk. (1991) mengatakan ada dua fakta penting tentang cara
bagaimana imbuhan melekat pada pangkalnya. Pertama, pangkal yang diberi imbuhan
yang secara normal dapat berkombinasi pada jenis kata yang sama. Sebagai
contoh, akhiran –able dibubuhkan pada kata
kerja, tetapi tidak pada kata sifat atau kata benda. Dengan demikian, kita bisa
menambahkan akhiran ini pada kata kerja seperti; adjust, break, compare dan debate.
Tetapi tidak pada kata sifat seperti; asleep, lovely, happy dan strong atau
pada kata benda seperti; anger, morning, student dan success. Kedua,
kata-kata yang dihasilkan dari penambahan imbuhan pada beberapa kata atau
morfem secara normal juga merupakan kelas kata yang sama. Misalnya, ungkapan
yang diakibatkan oleh tambahan –able pada kata kerja selalu
menjadi kata sifat. Dengan demikian kata adjustable, breakable,
comparable, dan debatable semuanya adalah kata
sifat.
Kedua fakta tersebut menjadi acuan
penting dalam membentuk kata-kata baru dari kata yang dibentuk yang memiliki
dua atau lebih morfemnya. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kata-kata dibentuk
berdasarkan hirarkinya. Kata-kata yang mempunyai lebih dari satu imbuhan tidak
dibentuk dengan satu langkah, akan tetapi dibentuk berdasarkan aturan
penambahan imbuhan pada kata dasarnya.
Sebagai contoh pada kata unuseable, yang dibentuk dari awalan un-, stem use, dan akhiran -able.
Untuk membentuk kata unuseable, harus
memperhatikan struktur hirarkinya, yakni, awalan un- yang bermakna negasi/penyangkalan hanya dipasangkan dengan kata
sifat untuk membentuk kata sifat yang lain (misalnya; unkind, unwise, dan unhappy).
Selanjutnya akhiran -able dipasangkan
dengan kata kerja untuk membentuk kata sifat. (misalnya; stopable, doable, dan
washable). Oleh karena itu, awalan un-
tidak dapat dipasangkan dengan use
karena use adalah kata kerja, bukan
kata sifat. Sehingga, yang lebih dahulu dipasangkan adalah akhiran -able pada kata use, sehingga menjadi useable
dengan kelas kata sifat lalu awalan un-
dipasangkan dengan useable sehingga
terbentuk kata unuseable.
Berikut ini beberapa contoh kata
sifat yang terbentuk dari kata kerja yang ditambahkan dengan akhiran -able:
kata kerja +-able = kata sifat
adjust -
able = adjustable
break -
able = breakable
compare -
able = comparable
debate -
able = debatable
lock -
able = lockable
use -
able = usable
Lain halnya dengan prefiks re- yang
berfungsi membentuk kata kerja baru dari kata kerja yang sudah ada.
Sebagai bahan perbandingan adalah
kata sifat reusable. Kata sifat ini terdiri dari tiga morfem.
Yaitu morfem bebas use, dan dua morfem terikat atau imbuhan
derivasional yaitu awalan re- dan akhiran –able. Awalan
re tidak bisa langsung dipasangkan
dengan useable karena awalan re- hanya dapat dipasangkan pada kata
kerja untuk membentuk kata kerja yang lain (misalnya redo, relive, refuel) sementara useable
adalah kelas kata sifat, seperti yang diterangkan di atas bahwa sufiks –able adalah pembentuk kata sifat dari
kata kerja.
Berikut ini beberapa contoh kata
kerja yang dibentuk dari penambahan awalan re-
pada kata karja:
re- +kata kerja = kata kerja
re- adjust = readjust
re- appear = reappear
re- consider = reconsider
re- construct = reconstruct
re- decorate = redecorate
re- use = reuse
Dari penjelasan tersebut dapat
disimpulkan bahwa dalam pembentukan kata, imbuhan-imbuhan itu tidak terjadi
bersama-sama tetapi disusun secara bertahap. Itulah yang disebut struktur
hirarkis kata-kata.
Beberapa kata dalam bahasa Inggris dapat
menimbulkan ambigu (mempunyai arti lebih dari satu). Hal ini bisa disebabkan
oleh struktur internal mereka yang mungkin dianalisis lebih dari satu cara.
Contohnya adalah kata unlockable. Kata ini memiliki pengertian
‘tidak bisa dikunci’ atau ‘bisa tidak dikunci’. Jika kita memperhatikan seksama
morfem terikat ini, maka kita akan mampu melihat kejelasan mengapa ambiguitas
ini muncul.
Dalam bahasa Inggris, prefiks un- berfungsi
membentuk dua kelas kata, yaitu:
1. kombinasi un- dengan kata sifat yang membentuk kata sifat baru yang berarti
‘tidak’. Contoh:
un- + kata
sifat = kata sifat
un- able unable
‘not able’
un- aware unaware
‘not aware’
un- happy unhappy
‘not happy’
un- intelligent unintelligent
‘not intelligent’
un- lucky unlucky
‘not lucky’
2. kombinasi verba yang membentuk verba
baru yang berarti ‘melakukan kembali pekerjaan yang sebelumnya’
un- + kata
kerja = kata kerja
un- do undo ‘to do the reverse of doing’
un- dress undress ‘to do the reverse of dressing’
un- load unload ‘to do the reverse of loading’
un- lock unlock ‘to do the reverse of locking’
un- tie untie ‘to do the reverse of tying’
Merujuk pada dua kombinasi di atas,
maka unlockable dapat dianalisis dengan dua cara, yaitu:
1. sufiks –able bergabung
dengan kata kerja lock untuk membentuk kata sifat lockable sebagai
kata sifat baru yaitu unlockable.
Seperti yang telah dijelaskan di
atas, un-1 berarti ‘tidak’ dan ini
menjelaskan arti unlockable adalah ‘tidak bisa dikunci’.
2. prefiks un- bergabung
dengan kata kerja lock untuk membentuk kata kerja unlock .
Kemudian suffiks –able bergabung dengan kata kerja unlock untuk membentuk kata sifat unlockable.
Makna yang terkandung dalam kata ini adalah merujuk
pada un-2 yang berarti ‘melakukan
kembali pekerjaan yang sebelumnya’ yang diinterpretasikan pada locking.
Sehingga arti kata unlockable pada proses ini adalah ‘bisa
tidak dikunci’Penjelasan di atas dapat di lihat slidenya pada:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B8B3TjsfQTUJMEx1ZjlVM000M0U/view?usp=sharing
Name : Khaerunnisa
ReplyDeleteNim : 15020144
I would like to explain a little, about the process of word
formation described in my class
this morning. the words that have more than one additive is
not formed by a single step, but is formed by adding affixes rule
on the basic word.
¤ prefix un- can be paired with adjectives
to form adjectives.
¤ able- suffix can be paired with a verb
to form an adjective. ¤ while the prefix re- can be paired with a verb to form the other
verbs.
(Note: all words using
the Able is an adjective. For
example => adjustable, agreeable, readable, teachable,
playable, and changeable.)
Name : Yulinar Nurul M.W.
ReplyDeleteStambuk : 15020217
There are two ways join affixes to 1 free morpheme :
1. One free morpheme can attach to the same part of speech.
e.g. prefix "re-" attach only to verb and noun.
2. The word formed by the addition of given affix to some word or morpheme to the same part of speech.
e.g. the addition of "un-" attach to adjective and create a new adjectives.
Name : Suci Maisyanti
ReplyDeleteClass: B
Nim : 15020205
Said the nature of this consists of three morphemes. ie morphemes-free use, and two bound morpheme or affix derivasional the prefix re- and suffix -able. prefix re could not directly paired with useable because prefix re- can only be paired on the verb to form a verb other (for example redo, relive, refuel) while useable is class adjective, das explained above that the suffix -able are forming said the nature of the verb.
Name :Rima melati
ReplyDeleteClass. : B
Nim. :15020185
based on your material that I read and I understand it, I can conclude the hirarkikal structure of words have 2 important facts but in the two fact that basically almost the same for both wear class or type of same words but the difference facts first could not be combined with adjectives and noun while the fact second if using the verb will automatically be adjective. the bottom line both the fact that only takes affix said. thank you
name : yusnida
ReplyDeletenim : 15020218
In this lesson I can conclude that words that have more than one affix are not formed by one step, but are formed on the basis of the addition of augmentation in the base. There are some structure that is:
re- + v = v
un- +adj = adj
un- +v = v
v + able = adj
re- + n = n
v + adj = adj
name;satriani
ReplyDeletenim;15020195
Words that end in -able are always present in the verb, but not in adjectives or nouns. Thus, we can add this suffix to a verb like; Adjust, break, compare and debate. But not on such adjectives; Asleep, lovely, happy and strong or in nouns such as; Anger, morning, student and success. Second, words resulting from the addition of affixes to a few words or morphemes are normally also the same word class
NOTE
re+v=v
v+adj=adj
un+adj=adj
re+n=n
v+able=adj
un+v=v
Name : St.Ardianti
DeleteNim : 15020204
Class: B
The Hierarchial
Definition of Hierarchial a hierarchical database model is a data model in which the data is organized into a tree-like structure. The data is stored as records which are connected to one another through links. A record is a collection of fields, with each field containing only one value. The entity type of a record defines which fields the record contains
Structure of words.
*A basic word can only be paired with a verb.
(V + suffix able = adj)
(-un + adj = adj)
Ex : Adjust - able
Break - able
*Able can only pair with verbs.
*Words formed
Example : able to a verb are always adj.
Name : Rati Febriani
ReplyDeleteNim : 15020181
There are many variations of word formation in Indonesian. Most words are formed by combining different components.
The basic word (root) = the simplest word that has not been affixed, can also be grouped as a form of origin (single) and basic (complex) form. Affix (attribute) = unit bound (set of certain letters) which when added to the word base will change the meaning and form a new word.
Prefix = affix attached to the base of the word to form a new word with a different meaning.
Name : Rati Febriani
ReplyDeleteNim : 15020181
There are many variations of word formation in Indonesian. Most words are formed by combining different components.
The basic word (root) = the simplest word that has not been affixed, can also be grouped as a form of origin (single) and basic (complex) form. Affix (attribute) = unit bound (set of certain letters) which when added to the word base will change the meaning and form a new word.
Prefix = affix attached to the base of the word to form a new word with a different meaning.
Name : Sunartika
ReplyDeleteNim : 15020207
The formation of words with affixation is a neologism from the base to form complex shapes or forms affix. This process is the process of affixing affix on the form base. As a result of this process is formed affix. Affix in Indonesian can be sorted by position, affixes in Indonesian can be distinguished on the prefix, infix, suffix, konfiks, and simulfix.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteThere are two important facts which is said by Carolyn Mc.Manis et al.(1991). First,the base a given affix in a normal can be combined on the same word. For example: the suffix -able is required on the verb, but not on adjective and nouns. The second, the words resulting from the addition of the prefix in some word or morpheme normally also a class of the same word.
ReplyDeleteFrom these explanations it can be conclude that in the formation of the word, affixes-affixes that do not occur together but are arranget gradually. That's what is called hierarchical structure of words.
Based on your explanation in class, i get that if a word only have 1 morpheme can combine normally belong to the same part of speech for instance for suffix -able only can attach with verb such as play + able = playable. In other side, if a word have 2 morphemes need to be combine carefully.
ReplyDeleteSo interesting and i've readed the explanation that there are some words(noun/adj/verb) only can be combined with any certain morpheme.
ReplyDeletefor the example : unlucky (un + lucky as an adj) = adj
undo (un + do as a verb) = verb
rematch (re + match as a noun) = noun
remove (re + move as a verb) = verb
knockable (verb + able ) = adj
And also if we combined three morphemes such as (un + verb + able ) be sure that we have to combine based on the diagram rules or we can take easily with this one :
such as => "unstopable"
for the explanation above that we can combaine "un + stop + able" into "unstopable" if we combined "stop(as a verb) + able" first. for the second, we can add "un" to "stopable" into "unstopable".
the rules : un + verb = verb
un + adj = adj
re + noun = noun
re + verb = verb
v + able = adj
Note : un => morpheme
able => morpheme
noun/verb/adj => Word or we can called as Morpheme too.
Name : Nurhayati
ReplyDeleteNIM : 15020173
The hierarchical structure of word, suffix "able" only can combine with verb, but cannot to combained with adjand noun. Affix “un" can combine with adj to make the other adj or a new adj.
The rules :
verb + able = adj
un + verb = verb
un + adj = adj
re + verb = verb
Example: “unacceptable”.
First, form the adj with combined the” suffix able” with “accept” (verb) = acceptable, and then added the prefix “un”.
Name : Nursiti Fatimah
ReplyDeleteClass : A
No. Reg : 15020175
The Hierarchical Structure of words 2 ways join affixes to 1 free morpheme 1. The free morpheme combine normally belong to the same part of speech. Example: Suffix- able to verbs = adjust-able, break-able. Etc.
Name : Nur oktapiana
ReplyDeleteClass : B
NIM : 1502168
First, an affixed phrase that can normally combine on the same type of words. Second, phrases resulting from the addition of affixes to some words or morphemes are normally also the same kind of words. The important conclusion from the two facts above is that in the formation of words, the affixes do not occur together but are arranged in stages. That's called the hierarchical structure of words.
Example
(I) Verb + -able =Adjective
adjust + able= adjustable
(II) Re- + Verb=verb
adjust + Verb = readjust
(III) un-1 + Adjective =Adjective
able unable ‘not able’
(IV) un-2 + verb = Verb
Do undo ‘to do the reverse of doing’
Name : Irmah
ReplyDeleteNIM : 15020140
The hierarchical structure of word
Words that end in -able are always present in the verb, but not in adjectives or noun. Affix “un" just combined with adj to make the other adj or a new adj.
the rules :
un + verb = verb
un + adj = adj
re + noun = noun
re + verb = verb
v + able = adj
if a word have 2 morphemes need to be combine carefully.
Name : shinta rahma
ReplyDeleteClass: b
Nim:15020197
Can draw the word conclusion has a fixed structure that is change and in a new word to froma word That has more morphemes and indicates that the word is in the from based on the additive rule of the word essence .
The combine morphem
Verb + able=kata sifat
Re+kk=kk
Un+ks=ks
Adj+able=#
Re+noun=noun
Re+verb=verb
Un+verb=#/ form new adj.
Name:Nanang Irfan
ReplyDeleteNim :15020162
These two facts serve as an important reference in shaping the new words of the formed word that has two or more morphemes. This shows that words are formed based on hierarchy. Words that have more than one affix are not formed by one step, but are formed on the basis of the addition of augmentation to the basic word, including:
re- + v = v
un- +adj = adj
un- +v = v
v + able = adj
re- + n = n
v + adj = adj
Name: Sridesi
ReplyDeleteNim:15020202
Class:B/IV
In my opinion in linguistics (especially morphology and lexicology),word formation refres to the way new words are made based on words or other morphemes.Also called derivative morphology.
Word formation can indicate a state or process, and can be viewed diachronically (throught different historical periods)
And Also found the so-called mix, which is a combination of different parts of the word, such as smog (haze) or modem (modulator/demodulator). A mixture based on an orthography is called an acronym,created by combining the initial letter of the compound or expression into a new spoken word (NATO,UNESCO,etc).
NAME: HERNAWATI
ReplyDeleteCLASS: A
15020131
To know the merging of words where we will add the prefix and suffix in the embedded word. Suffixes and prefixes are not just any we add in the basic word used.
Derivational Suffix addition at the end of a word will make the word change the word class (part of speech). The new word it produces is called a derivation, where its meaning will be different from the previous word.
Noun Suffixes: Sad (adjective) + -ness = sadness (noun: sorrow), Verb Suffixes: Apology (noun) + -ze = apologize (verb: forgive), Adjective Suffixes: Care (verb) + -less = careless (adjective) : No matter), Adverb Suffixes: Quick (adjective) + -ly = quickly (adverb: quickly)
Inflectional Suffix when added at the end of a word but without changing the word class and its meaning drastically. Eg-ed, -d, -t (change the shape to simple past and past participle)
Changes
Verb + Adj = N
Re- + v = v
Un- + adj = adj
Un- + v = v
V + able = adj
Re- + n = n
V + adj = adj
FITRIANI NURHAQ
ReplyDelete15020124
A CLASS
There are two important facts about the way in which the attachment is attached to the base. First, the affixed base which normally can combine on the same type of word.
Second, words resulting from the addition of affixes to a few words or morphemes are normally also the same word class.
This shows that words are formed based on hierarchy. Words that have more than one affix are not formed by a single step, but are formed on the basis of the addition of affixes to the word base.
FRISKAWATI PALEMBANGAN
ReplyDelete15020125
The word is formed which has two words or morpheme and its final form, the word has no affixes formed with a fixed step word based on the added additive rule on the base word.
example:
Verb + -able = adjective
Adjustable = adjustable
Break -able = breakable
Compare -able = compareable
Debate -able = debateable
Lock -able = lockable
Use -able = useable
Name : Fitri febriana
ReplyDeleteClass: A
Nim :15020112
The hierarchical structure of words 2 ways join affixes to 1 free morpheme. The free morpheme combine normally belong to the same part of speech. And the Suffix "able" only can combine with verb, but can not to combine with adjective or noun.
Name : Nur Violeta Thamrin (15020178)
ReplyDeleteClass: B
The hierarchical structure of words is the formation of words, in which the affixes do not occur together but are arranged in stages. There are two important facts about the way in which affixes are attached to their own expression,that is
1. if the expression -able end is affixed freely to the verb, but not to adjectives or nouns. That way, we can add this suffix to the verb adjust, break, compare and debate,
2. then the phrase caused by the extra -able on the verb is always adjectives. Thus the word adjustable, breakable, comparable, and debatable are all adjectives.
There are two ways join affixes to 1 free morpheme :
ReplyDeleteOne free morpheme can attach to the same part of speech.
e.g. prefix "re-" attach only to verb and noun.
The word formed by the addition of given affix to some word or morpheme to the same part of speech.
e.g. the addition of "un-" attach to adjective and create a new adjectives.
based on your material that I read and I understand it, I can conclude the hirarkikal structure of words have 2 important facts but in the two fact that basically almost the same for both wear class or type of same words but the difference facts first could not be combined with adjectives and noun while the fact second if using the verb will automatically be adjective. the bottom line both the fact that only takes affix said. thank you
ReplyDeleteIn my opinion in linguistics (especially morphology and lexicology),word formation refres to the way new words are made based on words or other morphemes.Also called derivative morphology.
ReplyDeleteWord formation can indicate a state or process, and can be viewed diachronically (throught different historical periods)
Risa Arsita
ReplyDelete15020186
Word formation process
1.appear to be straightforwed but are deep
2.were once considered barbaric misuse of language
3."tasteless innovation", a term used to describe them
4.are signs of constant evolution of language
5.are re-assuring signs of vitality and creativeness in the way language shapes our needs.
I think enough than you
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteName : MahdahiRany Nur
ReplyDeleteNim : 15020147
Class : A
Based on explanation in the classroom about morphology and lexicology,
I can give explain about it. morphology and lexicology is the process that derives new words by using prefixes and suffixes. Some common prefixes are anti-, dis-, in-, pre-, post-, un-, and re-. Some common suffixes are –ation, -able, -al, -er, -ed, -ful, -ity, -ing, -ly, -ness, and –y. For instance, from the word believe (verb) can be derived into some adjectives by adding prefix and suffix like follow: believable, unbelievable.
NAME : RISNAWATI
ReplyDeleteNIM : A1A214081
CLASS: B
The structure of a sentence is hierarchical. For instance, if we go bottom-up, we could have a determiner and a noun combine to form a noun phrase and together with an intransitive verb that makes up a verb phrase form a sentence. The same holds true for the way morphemes combine to form words.
un + verb = verb
un + adj = adj
re + noun = noun
re + verb = verb
v + able = adj
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteNAMA: RISQA AMALIYAH
ReplyDeleteNIM: 15020189
CLASS: B
In my mind to the unerstanding I got from the explenations in the classroom . That in the formation of the word has the formula one of the structure of word, suffix "ABLE" can combine with "VERB" can't to combine with "NOUN". an have Another formula namely Affix “UN" can combine with "ADJ" and the merging of the two make Another "ADJ" or New "ADJ" and in the formation of word have many formulas not only listed above.
As for the other formulas namely:
Un + verb = verb
Un + adj = adj
Re + noun = noun
V + able = adj
Re + verb = verb.
THANK YOU.
Indriyana ekasarah
ReplyDeleteA/15020138
I just wanna give the example :
Prefiks
Re + verb = verb ( readjust)
Un + adj = adj ( unable)
Un + verb = verb ( undo)
Sufiks
Verb + able = adj ( adjustable)
Verb + er/or/ar = noun ( actor)
Adj + cy = noun ( accurancy)
Adj + ness = noun ( bitterness)
Noun + er = nour ( liner)
Verb + age = noun ( carriage)
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteENDHITA
ReplyDelete15020119
After I read the above material,I can know that. There are two important facts about the way in which the attachment is attached to the base. First, an affixed base which can normally combine on the same type of word. Second, words that result from the addition of affixes to some words or morphemes are normally also the same word
ENDHITA
ReplyDelete15020119
After I read the above material,I can know that. There are two important facts about the way in which the attachment is attached to the base. First, an affixed base which can normally combine on the same type of word. Second, words that result from the addition of affixes to some words or morphemes are normally also the same word
Name : Reni
ReplyDeleteClass : B
Nim : 15020183
Are two important facts about the way in which the attachment is attached to the base. Firts, the axxifed base which normally can combine on the same type of word. The suffix-able is affixed to the verb, but not to adjectives or nouns. Second, the phrase which is caused by the extra-able on the verb is always an adjective.
There are many variations of word formation in Indonesian. Most words are formed by combining different components.
ReplyDeleteThe basic word (root) = the simplest word that has not been affixed, can also be grouped as a form of origin (single) and basic (complex) form. Affix (attribute) = unit bound (set of certain letters) which when added to the word base will change the meaning and form a new word.
Name : Nur Ilmia
ReplyDeleteClass : IV. B
Nim : 15020167
The Word generation process can be formed by adding multiple words such as a prefix or sufix. In the formation of the word will certainly produce a different meaning or meaning.
Prefix
Re + verb = verb
Un + adj = adj
Un + verb = verb
Suffix
Verb + able = adj
Verb + er / or / ar = noun
Adj + cy = noun
Adj + ness = noun
Noun + er = nour
Verb + age = noun
Example:
1. Restatement
Re + state = verb
State + ment = verb
Re + ment = noun
2. Unmistakeable
Mistake + unable = adj
Un + able = adj
Name: Risda
ReplyDeleteNim: 15020187
Class:B/IV
Word formation can also be contrasted with the formation of idiomaticexpressions, although words can be formed from multi-word phrases.
The formation of words with affixation is a neologism from the base to form complex shapes or forms affix. This process is the process of affixing affix on the form base. As a result of this process is formed affix. Affix in Indonesian can be sorted by position, affixes in Indonesian can be distinguished on the prefix, infix, suffix, konfiks, and simulfix.
Nama:Raharti
ReplyDeleteNim: 15020180
Class:B/IV
Word formation processes are basically how new words are created and become part of the language.
There are quite a few of them, and we will now make the most important ones simple and clear
SELVIANA YUSUF
ReplyDelete15020196
B
The process of forming a word that produces the same form through the merging of two or more basic bases over the usual word-forming process.
Example:
re-+v = v
un+v = v
un+adj = adj
verb+able = adj.
Word formation is the creation of new word. Thus, word formation is the formation of words in several ways. Such as merging, summarizing, borrowing words from other languages so that it will generate a new word form.
ReplyDeleteName : Ummu Umayyah
ReplyDeleteNIM : 15020209
Class : B
In my opinion,word formation is the creation of new word. Thus, word formation is the formation of words in several ways. Such as merging, summarizing, borrowing words from other languages so that it will generate a new word form.There are several word-forming processes in English, such as conversion, borrowing, blending, clipping, back formation and so on.
Some words in English can be ambiguous (meaning more than one). This could be due to their internal structure which may be analyzed in more than one way. An example is an unlockable word. It has an 'unlockable' or 'unlocked' meaning. If we look closely at this bound morpheme, then we will be able to see the clarity of why this ambiguity arises.
ReplyDeleteSome words in English can be ambiguous (meaning more than one). This could be due to their internal structure which may be analyzed in more than one way. An example is an unlockable word. It has an 'unlockable' or 'unlocked' meaning. If we look closely at this bound morpheme, then we will be able to see the clarity of why this ambiguity arises.
ReplyDeleteSome words in English can be ambiguous (meaning more than one). This could be due to their internal structure which may be analyzed in more than one way. An example is an unlockable word. It has an 'unlockable' or 'unlocked' meaning. If we look closely at this bound morpheme, then we will be able to see the clarity of why this ambiguity arises.
ReplyDeleteName : YULIA YUNARA
ReplyDeleteClass : B (Semester IV)
The process of forming words in my own opinion is the process by which new words are formed that usually there are suffixes, prefixes and basic words between them. And if we analyze, we can distinguish whether the word is combined with nouns, verbs, or adjectives. Later we will get the results. Then we can conclude whether it includes one of the 3 categories.
In the process of forming this word, usually we will find the same word but different meaning, this is our next task to identify them.
Name : WAHYUNI. S
ReplyDeleteNim : 15020211
Class : b
A.hierarchical structure
A word or morpheme in form will be developed gradually. This is due to the word of those experience a structure called a "hierarchical structure" the hierarchical structure of the word will affect the morphological process of languange.
=
v + adj = adj
Un + adj = adj
Re + v = v
Re + n = n
Un + v = v
V + n = n
A word is formed through a process of word formation or a morphological process. The morphological process is the process of converting a grammatical unit into a new word or in linguistics called the invented word.
ReplyDeleteThere are four components involved in the morphological process: (1) input, (2) process, (3) output, and (4) impact or effect. Inputs are the ingredients of the formation of the invented word.
name :miftahul jannah
ReplyDeleteclass:A
1. Inflexional does not convert one word into another and never alters the syntactic category otherwise creates another form of the same word.
2. Derivation takes one word and converts it into another, creating new lexical entries.
Name : MUZDALIFA LUBIS
ReplyDeleteNim : 15020161
Class : B
In English a lot of words can be formed by giving prefixes (suffixes) and suffixes. But here I will give an example.
Verb formation
The suffix -ize and -ify can be added to the noun (n) and adjective to convert the words into verbs (Verb)
Example:
Added -ize
Legal + ize = legalize
Modern + ize = modernize
Popular + ize = popularize
Add -ify
Beauty + ify = beautify
Pure + ify = purify
Simple + ify = simplify
RYAN HIDAYAT
ReplyDeleteRegarding what i saw and read in other website about the structure of word formation.
Derivation is the process of creating new words. The technical term derivational morphology is the study of the formation of new words. Here are some examples of words which are built up from smaller parts:
black + bird combine to form blackbird
dis- + connect combine to form disconnect
predict + -able combine to form predictable
Combination processes are also used to form brand-new words which add to the English vocabulary. Some examples from recent years are speed-dating and smartphone.
We can make a more complex word from a simpler one by adding a short element at the beginning or end. Suppose we start from the word kind. We could add the element un- to from unkind:
un- + kind → unkind
These two parts are of different types:
Kind can be used as a word on its own. It acts as a root word or lexical base to which we can add other elements.
We can’t use un- as a word by itself. It has to be attached to a lexical base like kind.
Elements like un- which are attached at the beginning of a root word are called prefixes. The prefix un- can be added to many different lexical bases, such as happy, pleasant, wise (to give unhappy, unpleasant, unwise, and so on).
Again starting with kind as our lexical base, we could instead add the element -ness to form unkindness:
Name : Nurlinda
ReplyDeleteClass : B
Nim : 15020174
First, the base a given affix in a normal can be combined on the same word.
For example: the suffix -able is required on the verb, but not on adjective and nouns.
for the example : unlucky (un lucky as an adj) = adjundo (un do as a verb) = verbrematch (re match as a noun) = nounremove (re move as a verb) = verbknockable (verb able ) = adj
NAME : NUR REZKI AMALIA
ReplyDeleteCLASS : B
NIM : 15020169
Word formation is the creation of new word. Thus, word formation is a formation of words in several ways. Such as merging, summarizing, borrowing words from other languages so that it will generate a new word form.
The formation of nouns
The formation of -er, -ment, and -ation can be added to many verbs to form nouns.
example:
Addition of end-er
Driver + er = driver
Open + er = opener
Manage + er = manager
Teach + er = teacher
Addition of the -ment ending
Manage + ment = management
Develop + ment = development
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ReplyDeleteMusdalifah septiberliana
Deleteclass b
15020159
In the formation of words, the affixes do not occur together but are arranged in stages. That's called the hierarchical structure of words.
Examples of adjectives formed from verbs added with the -able suffix:
Verb + -able = adjective
Adjust + able = adjustable
Examples of verbs formed from the addition of the prefix to the verb
Re- + verbs = verbs
Re- appear = reappear
Some words in English can be ambiguous (meaning more than one).
The formula are
Un + adjective = adj
Un + verb = verb
St. Nurfadilah
ReplyDelete15020199
B class
The word formation processes of compounding, clipping, and blending are important concepts when creating words. Also included for download are vocabulary lists of common English compounds, clipped words, and blends.
Name :Musnaeni
ReplyDeleteClass:B
Nim :15020160
My understanding of this material is:
Based on explanation in the classroom about morphology and lexicology,
I can give explain about it. morphology and lexicology is the process that derives new words by using prefixes and suffixes. Some common prefixes are anti-, dis-, in-, pre-, post-, un-, and re-. Some common suffixes are –ation, -able, -al, -er, -ed, -ful, -ity, -ing, -ly, -ness, and –y. For instance, from the word believe (verb) can be derived into some adjectives by adding prefix and suffix like follow: believable, unbelievable.
Widiasty Husain
ReplyDelete15020213
B
Word formation is the creation of new word. Thus, word formation is the formation of words in several ways. Such as merging, summarizing, borrowing words from other languages so that it will generate a new word form.There are several word-forming processes in English, such as conversion, borrowing, blending, clipping, back formation and so on.
Example formation of wodrs:
verb+ adjective = adjective
Un- + adjective = adjective
Re- + verb = verb
Re- + noun = noun
Un- + verb = verb
Verb+ noun = noun
Widiasty Husain
ReplyDelete15020213
B
Word formation is the creation of new word. Thus, word formation is the formation of words in several ways. Such as merging, summarizing, borrowing words from other languages so that it will generate a new word form.There are several word-forming processes in English, such as conversion, borrowing, blending, clipping, back formation and so on.
Example formation of wodrs:
verb+ adjective = adjective
Un- + adjective = adjective
Re- + verb = verb
Re- + noun = noun
Un- + verb = verb
Verb+ noun = noun
This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.
ReplyDeleteName : Srikandi Cut Wanipa Ibrahim
ReplyDeleteClass : B
Nim : 15020203
Word formation is the process of formulating words, by adding a suffix to a word and forming words with other meanings by adding affixes to the prefix and suffix. This is the process of forming words, by combining, cutting, summarizing and borrowing from other languages so as to change the word form from origin.
Name: Sasmita Wulandari
ReplyDeleteClass : B
Word-formation is a relatively new branch of linguistic studies. With the language constantly changing, it is hard to keep track of new trends and tendencies that influence it on every-day basis. As language is a flexible system of signs, it is its natural predisposition to be shaped and influenced by its users who are able to adopt it according to their will. Whether inspired by a foreign culture or simply answering to one's onomastic needs, the creative potential of coining new words is hardly limited. What is to be found in the contents of this book is a piece on English word-formation theory backed up by examples from other languages.
Name :Rati Wulandari
ReplyDeleteClass:B
#based on your material that I read and I understand it, I can conclude the hirarkikal structure of words have 2 important facts but in the two fact that basically almost the same for both wear class or type of same words but the difference facts first could not be combined with adjectives and noun while the fact second if using the verb will automatically be adjective.
Name: Nurul Inayah Ghazali
ReplyDeleteNim : 15020176
Based on your explanation in class, i get that there are two ways join affixes to 1 free morpheme :
The first, One free morpheme can attach to the same part of speech.And the second, the word formed by the addition of given affix to some word or morpheme to the same part of speech.
The hierarchical structure of word, suffix "able" only can combine with verb, but cannot to combained with adjand noun. Affix “un" can combine with adj to make the other adj or a new adj.
The rules :
verb + able = adj
un + verb = verb
un + adj = adj
re + verb = verb
Prefixes-functions to form two word classes, namely:
ReplyDelete1. un-combinations with adjectives forming new adjectives meaning 'no'.
2. a combination of verbs, which form a new verb which means 're-do the previous job'.
In the formation of words, the affixes do not occur together but are arranged in stages. The formula is as follows:
ReplyDeleteRe + verb = verb
V + able = adj
Un + verb = verb
Un + adj = adj
Re + noun = noun
Name : A. Nurhasana sajina
ReplyDeleteClass : A
Nim : 15020097
1. Morphology is the description given to the structure of a languages morphemes and other linguistic units. These linguistic units are elements such as: root words, affixes, parts of speech, intonation/stress, or implied context.
2. Lexicology is the branch of linguistics that deals with the study of words, this may also include the function as symbols and their meaning. The term lexicology is derived from the Greek word lexicon which means "of our word's.
Name : Nuramalia
ReplyDeleteNim : 15021541
After I Read. according to me. There are two important facts about the way in which affixes are attached to their own expression.
First, an affixed phrase that can normally combine on the same type of words. For example, the suffix -able is freely assigned to a verb, but not to an adjective or noun. That way, we can add this suffix to the verb adjust, break, compare and debate. But not on the adjectives asleep, lovely, happy and strong or on nouns such as anger, morning, student dansuccess.
Second, phrases resulting from the addition of affixes to some words or morphemes are normally also the same kind of words. For example, the phrase caused by the extra -able on the verb is always an adjective. Thus the word adjustable, breakable, comparable, and debatable are all adjectives.
The conclusion of the two facts above is that in the formation of words, the affixes do not occur together but are arranged in stages. That's called the hierarchical structure of words.
The word is formed which has two words or morpheme and its final form, the word has no affixes formed with a fixed step word based on the added additive rule on the base word.
ReplyDeleteexample:
Verb + -able = adjective
Adjustable = adjustable
Break -able = breakable
Compare -able = compareable
Debate -able = debateable
Lock -able = lockable
Use -able = useable
Based on explanation in classroom. I get the information about tree diagram of word. For example . REUSEABLE. Who will be the first to attach the free morpheme. Althoug -able can attact Verc to make adjective, but RE cannot Adjective.. so we have to put first RE with USE to make VERB = Reuse and afte that Put
ReplyDelete- Able with Reuse become Reuseable(adjective)
Name :andi zulkifli
ReplyDeleteThe word formation processes of compounding,
clipping, and blending are important concepts when creating words. Also included for download are vocabulary lists of common English compounds, clipped words, and blends.
Name : IGO
ReplyDeleteThe formation of words with affixation is a neologism from the base to form complex shapes or forms affix. This process is the process of affixing affix on the form base. As a result of this process is formed affix. Affix in Indonesian can be sorted by position, affixes in Indonesian can be distinguished on the prefix, infix, suffix, konfiks, and simulfix.
Name : burdam
ReplyDeleteA word is formed through a process of word formation or a morphological process. The morphological process is the process of converting a grammatical unit into a new word or in linguistics called the invented word.
There are four components involved in the morphological process: (1) input, (2) process, (3) output, and (4) impact or effect. Inputs are the ingredients of the formation of the invented word.
Reply
Baskara Fitra. R
ReplyDelete15020108
There are two ways join affixes to 1 free morpheme based on your explaination :
(1) One free morpheme can attach to the same part of speech.And the second, the word formed by the addition of given affix to some word or morpheme to the same part of speech.
(2) The hierarchical structure of word, suffix "able" only can combine with verb, but cannot to combained with adjand noun. Affix “un" can combine with adj to make the other adj or a new adj.
The rules :
verb + able = adj
un + verb = verb
un + adj = adj
re + verb = verb
Name: wahyuni
ReplyDeleteNim: 15020210
Class:B
Based on your explanation in class, i get that if a word only have 1 morpheme can combine normally belong to the same part of speech for instance for suffix -able only can attach with verb such as play + able = playable. In other side, if a word have 2 morphemes need to be combine carefully.
Name : Wiwin saputra
ReplyDeleteNIM : 16020227
Class : C/IV
Based on the explanation in classroom I can make a conclusion that words which have more than one affix can not be used in a single step, but are formed on the basis of the basic affixes.
Example :
1. Unmistakable
Prefix Un attach to mistake to form verb, Unmistake attach to suffix able to form adj.
2. Unrespectable
Prefix Un attach to respect to form verb, Unrespect attach to prefix able to form adj.
3. Reconstruction
Prefix re attach to construct to form verb, Reconstruct attach to suffix ion to form noun.
4. Restatement
Prefix re attach to state to form verb, Restate attach ro suffix ment to form noun.
5. Reformation
Prefix re attach to format to form verb, Reformat attach to suffix ion to form noun.
6. Unhappiness
Prefix un attach to happy to form adj, Unhappy attach to suffix ness to form noun.
Ayu Rahmah Susanti
ReplyDelete16020123
There are two ways join affixes to 1 free morpheme based on your explaination :
(1) One free morpheme can attach to the same part of speech.And the second, the word formed by the addition of given affix to some word or morpheme to the same part of speech.
(2) The hierarchical structure of word, suffix "able" only can combine with verb, but cannot to combained with adjand noun. Affix “un" can combine with adj to make the other adj or a new adj.
The rules :
verb + able = adj
un + verb = verb
un + adj = adj
re + verb = verb
Name: Fira Nadia Aulia
ReplyDeleteID number: 16020137
Class: IV/A
Based on your explanation in class, i get that there are two ways join affixes to 1 free morpheme :
The first, One free morpheme can attach to the same part of speech.And the second, the word formed by the addition of given affix to some word or morpheme to the same part of speech.
A word or morpheme in form will be developed gradually. This is due to the word of those experience a structure called a "hierarchical structure" the hierarchical structure of the word will affect the morphological process of languange.
=
v + adj = adj
Un + adj = adj
Re + v = v
Re + n = n
Un + v = v
V + n = n
Name : Alisa meilani
ReplyDeleteNim : 16020111
Kelas : A
Words aren't combined randomly to form phrases and phrases do not combine randomly to form sentences. The structure of a sentence is hierarchical. For instance, if we go bottom-up, we could have a determiner and a noun combine to form a noun phrase and together with an intransitive verb that makes up a verb phrase form a sentence.The same holds true for the way morphemes combine to form words. To visualise the hierarchical structure of words we can use trees, just as we can with sentences and grammar.
**thankyou**
Name : Desry Herarinry
ReplyDeleteNim : 16020129
Class :
The formation of words with affixation is a neologism from the base to form complex shapes or forms affix. This process is the process of affixing affix on the form base. As a result of this process is formed affix. Affix in Indonesian can be sorted by position, affixes in Indonesian can be distinguished on the prefix, infix, suffix, konfiks, and simulfix .
**thankyou**
Name : Ady irawan
ReplyDeleteNim : 16020109
Class : A
The hierarchical structure of word, suffix "able" only can combine with verb, but cannot to combained with adjand noun. Affix “un" can combine with adj to make the other adj or a new adj.
words that have more than one affix are not formed by one step, but are formed on the basis of the addition of augmentation in the base. There are some structure that is:
re- + v = v
un- +adj = adj
un- +v = v
v + able = adj
re- + n = n
v + adj = adj
A basic word can only be paired with a verb.
(V + suffix able = adj)
(-un + adj = adj)
Ex : Adjust - able
Break - able
unlucky (un + lucky as an adj) = adj
undo (un + do as a verb) = verb
rematch (re + match as a noun) = noun
remove (re + move as a verb) = verb
knockable (verb + able ) = adj
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteNAME : RESKY AMALYA MULIADI
ReplyDeleteCLASS :A /4
Nim : 180220156
Morpheme is the smallest unit of a language that has meaning and cannot be shared anymore.
example: the word "UNBREAKABLE"
"Unbreakable" consists of 3 morpheme, namely: un- (which can be interpreted as "not"), -break- (root of the word or free morpheme), and -able (can be interpreted as "Can be done or can be done").
Another example: The word "dogs"
"dogs" consists of 2 morpheme, the words dog (dog) and -s (meaning plural)
Now guess what the word RELATE has morpheme?
still confused? the word relate only has 1 morpheme. If you think it has 2 morphemes, namely re and late then you are wrong because if they are separated the meaning will be different from the combined meanings. so the length of a word does not necessarily indicate he has a lot of morpheme as the Madagascar word Madagascar said can be cursed as a Mad / a / gas / car at a glance but he only has one morpheme. try to compare with the words dogs above.
NAMA : YUYUN REGITA CAHYANI
ReplyDeleteNIM : 190230072
SEMESTER IV
Honestly I dont understand about when we use prefix and suffix. But tonight I open again this matertial for appearing my knowledge about that. Alhamdulillah, after I relearn through this I can understand. So...
Prefix re- hanya bisa dibubuhkan dengan kata kerja untuk membentuk kata kerja baru yang berarti pengulangan. Ex: Reuse ( menggunakan kembali ) or make it simple :
RE + VERB = VERB WHICH HAS MEANING AGAIN
SUffix -able juga hanya bisa dipasangkan dengan verb, tidak bisa dipasangkan dengan adj. maupun noun.Fungsinya untuk membentuk adjective. Make it simple :
VERB + ABLE = ADJECTIVE
Prefix Un- hanya bisa dipasangkan dengan adjective untuk membentuk kata sifat yang lain yang memiliki arti tidak. Example :
Unable which means not able ( tidak bisa )
CONTOH KATA YANG MENCAKUP SEMUANYA :
UNUSEABLE
Analysisnya :
1. karena ada 2 imbuhan, un dan able maka terlebih dahulu kita menghubungkan use+able (bisa digunakan) kenapa demikian? karena able itu hanya bisa dipasangkan dengan verb dan membentuk adj.
2. Karena useable sudah merupakan adj., maka bisa dipasangkan dengan Un- menjadi Unuseable ( tidak bisa digunakan )
Name:srinatalia sihombing
ReplyDeleteNim:200210026
The prefix is attached to its base. First, a compound prefix that normally combines with the same word. For example, suft-able is applied to the verb, but not to the adjective or second noun, words that result from adding prefix to a few words or morfem normally are also the same word classes. For example, expressions that result from an appendage-able on the verb have always been an adjective. So the words adjustable, coherent, coherent, and debatable are all adjectives. From this explanation it can be concluded that in word formation, the prefixes do not occur together but are arranged gradually. That's what's called a hierarchical structure of words.